The consumer markets in India are expected to reach about US$1.5 trillion from the existing US$750 billion by 2021. Emergence of new retail formats and entry of new players in every format is also likely to increase competition in Indian retail sector. It has, thus, become important for the retailers to know how shoppers choose a store from various options available to them. The article aims to achieve data reduction while identifying various store attributes that influence the choice of stores by shoppers while purchasing grocery items from supermarkets. We collected primary data from 300 shoppers using personally administered questionnaire in select supermarkets in Pune. We used exploratory factor analysis to identify the attributes and the factor structure. We then used confirmatory factor analysis to validate the same. Thus, we developed a scale consisting of nine store attributes converging under two factors to understand shoppers’ decision to choose a particular supermarket for their grocery purchases.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe patterns of presentation, etiology, risk factors, management, and treatment outcomes of periurethral abscesses using a systematic review framework.Materials and methodsAfter prospective registration on the PROSPERO database (CRD42020193063), a systematic review of Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane scientific databases was performed. Articles published between 1900 and 2021 were considered. Extracted data included symptoms, etiology, medical history, investigations, treatment, and outcomes. Collated data were analyzed using univariate methods.ResultsSixty articles met the inclusion criteria reporting on 270 patients (211 male, 59 female) with periurethral abscess. The most common clinical features were pain (41.5%), pyuria (41.5%), dysuria (38.5%), urinary frequency (32.3%), fever (25%), and a palpable mass (23%). Predisposing risk factors included the presence of a sexually transmitted infection or urinary tract infection (55.0%), urethral strictures (39.6%), and recent urethral instrumentation (18.7%). Management approaches included open incision and drainage (64.3%), conservative management with antibiotics (29.8%), and minimally invasive techniques (needle aspiration, endoscopic drainage). Time trend analysis of etiology revealed a decreased incidence of infection (sexually transmitted infection/urinary tract infection, human immunodeficiency virus) and higher incidence of diabetes mellitus and periurethral bulking injections in recent years.ConclusionsPeriurethral abscesses may display a wide range of clinical features. Presentation, risk factors and underlying etiology vary with sex. The optimal management technique is guided by abscess size. Open incision and drainage combined with antibiotics continues to be the mainstay of management. However, minimally invasive techniques are gaining favor. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first systematic appraisal and management algorithm for periurethral abscess.