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The main objective of this paper is to define the role and the importance of the urban allotment gardens in the consideration of Lisbon as the European Green Capital in 2020. In the first part of the paper, we seek to trace the historical evolution of vegetable gardens in the context of city development. In the second part, one proceeds to its mapping and its identification and characterization considering the multiple functions that allotment gardens play both to improve the quality of the urban environment and to improve the quality of human life. In this sense, the different ecosystem services that allotment gardens provide to the society are addressed, as well as their contribution to the qualification of Lisbon's urban landscape and urban food systems. For this, we used a research methodology that crossed the field work (the survey of the vegetable gardens), with bibliographic and documentary sources. The present diachronic and diatopic study about urban allotment gardens in Lisbon aims to legitimize the historical model of urban development based on the deeply intricate relationships between the city and the agriculture as a strategy to be adopted in the context of the long-term development of both Society and Nature.
The European INCULTUM project has at its core ten pilot cases with the aim of exploring the potential of peripheral and neglected territories when managed by local communities and stakeholders, within the framework of community-based cultural tourism. This article focuses on the Portuguese pilot, located in the Algarve region in southern Portugal, and describes the process of research and cooperation carried out in the first two years of the project to fulfil that goal. The cultural landscape of the Campina de Faro is characterized by the presence of vegetable gardens and orchards associated with a historical, evolving, and adaptable irrigation system, revealing a technological unit (hydraulic infrastructures) and a social unit (local community). For this irrigation system (in abandonment and disuse) to survive, its study and rehabilitation is essential, as well as the dissemination of its importance and added value for society and the environment. In both cases, the role of residents is crucial as they hold ancient knowledge and know-how and it is on them that the improved management of natural (water, soil) and cultural (food goods, heritage) resources depends. It is in the perspective of the importance of the farmers and local producers as the main actor and decision-maker in the planning, development, and management of resources to serve the objectives of both horticultural production and the enjoyment of the agrarian landscape, that the key role of the hydraulic heritage and the active participation of local communities as a basis for the development of sustainable tourism is recognised.
El proyecto de investigación AQUA tiene como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de la gestión del agua desde el siglo XVI al XIX en fincas y jardines en Portugal y demostrar que ya se estaban empleando prácticas más sofisticadas en el contexto de granjas y cercas conventuales, convirtiendo los jardines de entonces en laboratorios de innovaciones hidráulicas. Esta gestión del agua se rigió por principios de sostenibilidad asociados a un uso eficiente del agua. La historia lidera este proyecto multidisciplinar que cuenta con la colaboración de historiadores, ingenieros y paisajistas para promover el cruce de conocimientos entre las humanidades y las ciencias.
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