To explore the perspectives of corporate report preparers and other stakeholders on integrated reporting (IR) in a major Southeast Asian economy. Design/methodology/approach: A survey is used to explore perspectives on IR. Findings: There is a limited level of knowledge regarding integrated reporting, but a high level of interest. Corporate report preparers paradoxically state that they can see the benefits of integrated reporting, yet they are reluctant to implement it. Practical implications: Changes to university curricula, training sessions, seminars, and conferences may be needed to disseminate information regarding integrated reporting. Social implications: Integrated reporting implementation may be stymied by the low levels of knowledge in Southeast Asia and hence lack of demand from stakeholders. High-quality reporting generally supports capital flows into a region and thus influences economic and social well-being. The integrated financial and non-financial information needs of stakeholders thus have an indirect impact on society. Originality/value: Southeast Asia is an economic powerhouse and home to hundreds of millions of people. It is important to understand the potential for integrated reporting in this region. This is one of the first survey of its kind to explore these matters.
PurposeThis study aimed at investigating the readability of sustainability reports in Indonesia. The Indonesian government, through the Financial Services Authority of Indonesia (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan [OJK]), has issued regulation POJK 51/2017 concerning the implementation of sustainable finance, which requires public companies to prepare sustainability reports—either stand-alone reports or parts of annual reports. Until 2017, only 30% of the top public companies in terms of market capitalisation issued the required report. Companies' decisions to provide the report stem from the greater visibility and access to resources that flow from additional narratives. However, the usefulness of such a report can be questioned.Design/methodology/approachWe used several linguistic techniques (Flesch Reading Ease [FRE], Flesch–Kincaid, and Gunning Fog measures) to evaluate the readability of sustainability reports. The analysis was performed using a software application called “Readability Studio 2015.”FindingsWe found the reports to have a low level of readability. This means that the information provided in the disclosures are very difficult to decipher and understand by the targeted users. Considering the similar levels of report readability in companies across industries, we observe a pattern of isomorphism in the way companies have implemented the same format and language construct in disclosing their sustainability information. They might apply the myth that complex language attracts investors or impresses others.Research limitations/implicationsThe techniques to measure readability that we use might not capture the whole dimensions of readability and understandability, especially in the non-English language.Practical implicationsThe results from this study can be used as evaluation tools for companies and regulators in preparing more intelligible and readable sustainability reports, as mandated by POJK 51/2017.Social implicationsSustainability reports act as a medium of accountability for a company's sustainable production and operations. Their usefulness for investors and other users often depends on the readability of the information.Originality/valueThe readability of sustainability reports in the context of Indonesia as an emerging market has not been comprehensively investigated in previous research. This study is among the first of its kind to support the quality enhancement of the reports.
Purpose This study aims to determine the fraud risk factors perceived by employees to have the greatest influence on individuals committing fraud as an unethical conduct, as well as to analyze employees’ opinions on fraud prevention program. Design/methodology/approach The fraud risk factors in this study are based on the concept of the fraud triangle as developed by Donald Cressey, as well as examples of situations set out in SAS No. 99. The samples used in this study are company employees who have been selected using the convenience sampling method. Findings A survey of 109 employees reports that none of the three factors (pressure, opportunity and rationalization) has a significant influence on fraud. However, when comparing the factors, the pressure is considered to have the highest impact. In terms of fraud prevention, the employees suggest that it is extremely important to implement all prevention tools, especially with regard to the adequate segregation of duties. Research limitations/implications Limitations of this study in terms of method and small samples are expected to inform future studies to overcome the limitations by using other methods such as interview and by collecting more respondents to gather their perceptions and opinions. Originality/value This study contributed to the literature in confirming the pressure as the dominant factor and in confirming the importance of anti-fraud programs as suggested by the agency theory.
Purpose This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the determinants of voluntary integrated reporting (<IR>) disclosure quality. Design/methodology/approach The samples include companies from the Integrated Reporting Examples Database on the International Integrated Reporting Committee’s (IIRC) website, except South Africa and Brazil, where reporting is mandatory. The final sample includes 29 countries, with 148 companies and 592 observations for the study period 2014–2017. Content analysis is used to measure <IR> disclosure quality derived from the <IR> principles and elements published by IIRC (2013). The fraction regression probit model is used to test the proposed hypothesis. Findings This study provides empirical evidence that competition from new entrants and country-level accounting competence encourage companies to implement the International Integrated Reporting Framework (IIRF). Signaling theory and diffusion of innovation theory can be used to explain this association. Meanwhile, product market competition of existing rivals has been found to reduce the adoption of the <IR> framework, which is consistent with the proprietary cost theory. Finally, this study finds that company reputation does not affect voluntary <IR> disclosure quality. Research limitations/implications This study did not examine the barriers to entry to explain the effect of competition from new entrants as a possible determinant of <IR> disclosure quality. Furthermore, the inclusion of <IR> in the accounting curriculum of universities and certification bodies in certain countries has not been considered as a control variable. The results might also be limited to companies that voluntarily submitted into the Integrated Reporting Examples Database on the IIRC website. All these limitations provide ample avenues for future research. Practical implications This research provides implications for governments and standard setters to further sharpen the competence of accountants through memberships in professional accountancy organisations or through training and seminars related to <IR>. The results also suggest that universities should include the topic of <IR> in the accounting program curriculum to increase the understanding of prospective accountants about this reporting regime. The results also show differences on the impact of competition between new entrants and existing rivals on <IR> disclosure quality. This can be used by IIRC or other standard setters to predict the <IR adoption>. Originality/value This study uses the diffusion of innovation theory to explain the association between country-level accounting competence and <IR> disclosure quality. Few studies have researched this association. The results show that a country’s accounting competence increases the application of the IIRF in corporate reporting. <IR> has been considered an innovation in corporate reporting and can be implemented by the company if its professional accountants have enough knowledge of this reporting framework.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh manajemen laba terhadap imbal hasil saham (stock return), dengan kualitas audit dan efektivitas komite audit sebagai variabel pemoderasi. Manajemen laba diukur dengan akrual diskresioner menggunakan model Modified Jones. Stock Return diukur dengan menggunakan imbal hasil saham kumulatif. Kualitas audit diproksi dengan variabel dummy Big 4 atau non Big 4; dan efektivitas komite audit diukur dengan jumlah rapat yang dilakukan dalam satu tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan sampel perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia untuk periode 2012-2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen laba memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap imbal hasil saham. Kualitas audit dan efektifitas komite audit ditemukan mampu memperlemah hubungan negatif tersebut, yang mengindikasikan bahwa kedua mekanisme pengawasan tersebut berfungsi dengan baik dalam memitigasi dampak negatif manajemen laba terhadap imbal hasil saham. PENDAHULUANDalam membuat keputusan untuk berinvestasi seorang investor membutuhkan informasi yang akurat dan berkualitas untuk dapat melakukan analisis investasi saham di pasar modal, dan salah satu sumber informasi yang digunakan untuk melakukan analisis investasi adalah laporan keuangan yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan. Dalam menyusun laporan keuangan, Standar Akuntansi Keuangan menyatakan bahwa manajemen dapat memilih dan menerapkan kebijakan akuntansi yang sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku. Standar akuntansi yang ditetapkan berdasarkan prinsip (principle based) membuat manajemen dapat menggunakan penilaiannya sendiri dalam menentukan perlakuan akuntansi atas suatu kejadian ekonomi. Perbedaan antara peraturan atau standar yang berlaku dengan praktiknya sering terjadi di dalam perusahaan, perbedaan ini digunakan untuk memodifikasi laporan keuangan, sehingga laporan keuangan
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