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Objective: To evaluate the effect of the different stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on hepatic vein waveform pattern and hepatic artery resistance index.Methods: 32 patients diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and 14 healthy volunteers as a control group were included in the study. In both groups, liver size was measured and the degree of fatty infiltration was graded by gray-scale ultrasonographic examination. Hepatic vein waveform pattern was assessed and hepatic artery resistance index was measured by duplex Doppler ultrasonography examination. The degree of fatty infiltration was compared with hepatic vein waveform pattern and hepatic artery resistance index values in the patient group.Results: Liver echogenicity was grade 1 in 15 patients, grade 2 in 12 patients, and grade 3 in 5 patients. In the control group, liver echogenicity was not increased. Liver size was increased with the degree of fatty infiltration (p<0.001). The presence of biphasic or monophasic hepatic vein waveform pattern in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients was statistically significant (p=0.04). However, mean hepatic artery resistance index was not significantly different (p=0.38). Both hepatic vein waveform pattern and hepatic artery resistance index were not related to the degree of fatty infiltration (p=0.99 and p=0.81, respectively). Conclusion:Vascular compliance of the liver can vary with the fatty infiltration of hepatocytes. This effect can be displayed as abnormal hepatic vein waveform pattern rather than alterations in hepatic artery resistance index values by duplex Doppler ultrasonography.

Coregistration of MRI and real-time ultrasound enables sonographic localization of breast lesions detected at MRI only. VNT is a feasible alternative to MRI-guided biopsy of ultrasound-occult breast lesions.

The volume navigation technique is an accurate method for coregistration of CE-MRI and sonographic images, enabling lesion localization within a limited volume.

Objective This study aims to compare the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of two flow diverters, i.e., pipeline embolization device and flow re-direction endoluminal device, in the treatment of distal carotid aneurysms. Methods A total of 138 patients with 175 aneurysms were included from February 2012 to September 2019. Ninety-nine aneurysms were treated with flow re-direction endoluminal device and 76 with pipeline embolization device. Angiographic follow-ups were at the 6th, 12th, 24th, 36th, and 60th months; the O’Kelly-Marotta grading scale was used to assess aneurysms occlusion. Outcomes of two devices were compared; possible associations regarding patient characteristics, aneurysm properties, treatment details, and adverse events were evaluated. Results The mean follow-up period was 33 months, with 10 patients lost to follow-up. Occlusion rates at the 6th and 12th months and during the last follow-up were similar for flow re-direction endoluminal device (81%, 84%, and 90%) and pipeline embolization device (82%, 85%, and 93%). Occlusion rates were also similar after stand-alone use without coiling. There was no significant difference regarding adverse event rates with a 10.9% overall complication rate, 3.6% mortality, and 0.7% permanent morbidity. All the mortality and morbidity were related to hemorrhagic complications. Device deployment failure was observed with five flow re-direction endoluminal devices and two pipeline embolization devices, whereas two severe in-stent stenoses occurred with each device. Conclusions Both flow re-direction endoluminal device and pipeline embolization device are feasible and effective in flow diversion of distal internal carotid artery aneurysms, with similar adverse events rates and aneurysm occlusion success. Aneurysm occlusion rates increase with time, while the presence of an integrated branch significantly decreases treatment success.

Background Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules, though the most accurate method to rule out malignancy, still has an inherent risk of yielding non-diagnostic specimens despite immediate assessment of specimen adequacy by an on-site cytopathologist. Purpose To evaluate the effects of nodule volume and extent of cystic degeneration on total biopsy time and number of aspirations required for obtaining an adequate specimen. Material and Methods A total of 510 patients underwent FNAB by a single radiologist accompanied by a cytopathologist who immediately assessed each sample for specimen adequacy. All sampled nodules were single and had one maximum diameter > 10 mm. Nodule volumes and cystic degeneration ratios were calculated prior to the intervention. Aspirations were repeated until the cytological material was deemed adequate by the cytopathologist; the number of aspirations and total biopsy time were then recorded. Results Nodule volumes did not have significant effect on neither number of aspirations necessary for achieving specimen adequacy ( P > 0.05) nor total biopsy time (r = -0.148 with P = 0.001). Predominantly cystic nodules, compared to predominantly solid nodules, required more sampling per nodule (4.58 ± 1.11 vs. 3.44 ± 1.19 aspirations, P = 0.001) and longer total biopsy time (16.40 ± 6.19 vs. 11.15 ± 6.18 min, P = 0.001). Conclusion Predominantly cystic nodules require allocation of more time for biopsy. To ensure specimen adequacy when immediate specimen evaluation by an on-site cytopathologist is not possible, four samples from predominantly solid nodules and five passes through predominantly cystic nodules are required.