Temperament and character dimensions of personality in patients with chronic pain disorders Objective: It is known that a complex relationship is present between chronic pain and personality. In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical features and personality traits of patients with Chronic Pain Disorder (CPD) and healthy controls. We hypothesized that Harm Avoidance (HA) scores would be higher and predictive of compared to healthy controls. Methods: This study was conducted in outpatients with CPD who presented to the Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital's Outpatient Psychiatry Clinic. The sample was comprised of 60 outpatients (53 women, 7 men) who complained of chronic pain for at least 3 months and were not under any medication treatments. The control group comprised of 60 healthy controls (49 women, 11 men). Semi-structured sociodemographic data form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to the participants. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows, Version 23.0. Results: Impulsiveness subscale of Novelty Seeking; Harm Avoidance and its subscales of Anticipatory worry, Fear of uncertainty, Shyness with strangers, and Fatigability and asthenia scores were significantly higher in CPD patients compared to the control group. Harm Avoidance and its subscales of Anticipatory worry, Fear of uncertainty, Shyness with strangers, and Fatigability and asthenia scores were significantly positively correlated with the BDI, BAI, and VAS scores. When VAS scores were entered as the dependent variable and age and gender were controlled in regression analysis, Harm Avoidance was significantly predictive of VAS scores. Conclusion: Temperament and character traits of the CPD patients were significantly different from the healthy control subjects. HA scores were higher and predictive of CPD compared to healthy controls.
Temperament and character dimensions of personality in patients with generalized anxiety disorder Objective: It is known that a complex relationship is present between anxiety and personality. In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical features and personality traits of patients with GAD and healthy controls. We hypothesized that Harm Avoidance scores would be higher and predictive of GAD compared to the healthy controls. Methods: This study was conducted in outpatients with GAD who presented to the Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital's Outpatient Psychiatry Clinic. The sample was comprised of 40 outpatient (30 women, 10 men) who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-DSM-5 criteria for GAD, who were not under any medication treatments. The control group comprised of 40 healthy controls (23 women, 17 men). Semi-structured sociodemographic data form, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I and II) were administered to the participants. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows, Version 23.0. Results: Impulsiveness subscale of Novelty Seeking; Harm Avoidance and its subscales of Anticipatory worry, Fear of uncertainty, Shyness with strangers, and Fatigability and asthenia scores were significantly higher in GAD patients compared to the control group. Harm Avoidance and its subscales of Anticipatory worry, Fear of uncertainty, Shyness with strangers, and Fatigability and asthenia scores were significantly highly positively correlated with the BDI, BAI, STAI-I / STAI-II, and GAD-7 scores. When GAD-7 scores was entered as the dependent variable and age and gender were controlled in regression analysis, Harm Avoidance and its subscale of Shyness, Persistence, and Self-Transcendence were significantly predictive of GAD-7 scores. Conclusions: Temperament and character traits of the GAD patients were significantly different from the healthy control subjects. HA scores were higher and predictive of GAD compared to healthy controls.
Objectives: Schizophrenia is a disorder with different clinical features. Schizophrenia may start insidiously and slow and go on for many years. But the negative symptoms and deficiency symptoms leading to social deterioration may come to the forefront. All these factors are taken into consideration, our aim in this study was to examine the demographic and clinical effects of symptoms on schizophrenic patients who have not yet been treated. Methods: Eighty patients who were admitted to the Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, who did not have any previous antipsychotic medications and who did not use medications at the time of admission and who met the criteria for schizophrenia according to the DSM-5. Sociodemografic Data Form and the PANSS scale were used to assess the clinical status of the patients. Results: When the demographic characteristics of the participants were examined, 33 (41.2%) were female and 47 (58.8%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 31.08±9.37; mean education year was 8.76±3.53. When the patients participating in the study were evaluated in terms of gender, marital status, working status, smoking status, and family history, no statistical differences were found between the groups in terms of their PANSS scores (p>0.05). However, the PANSS Negative subscale scores (p<.001), general psychopathology scores (p=0.006), and total PANSS scores (p=0.003) were statistically significantly different between the three groups when the patients were untreated for 0-1 years, 1-5 years, and 5 years. Conclusions: In this study none of the sociodemographic factors we assessed had any effect on symptom severity. However, there are different results in the literature regarding gender, age, marital status and working status. Besides, it has been determined that the most important clinical manifestation in our study is the period without treatment. Further studies should identify demographic and clinical features that affect schizophrenic symptom changes.
Chronic pain is pain that has gone on for a long time (at least from 3 to 6 months) and typically results from long-standing conditions or damage to the body and has emotional, sensitive, cognitive, and behavioral components (1,2). The source of chronic pain is still largely unknown. However, a growing body of evidence brings up a complex relationship between chronic pain and personality characteristics (3,4). For instance, neuroticism correlates positively with the intensity of pain (5). Eysenck's factor theory of personality assumes that emotional stability is the opposite pole of neuroticism,
It is suggested that in case of blockage in an energy center, illness or imbalance may occur and it may be treated by touching by hand according to Reiki. In this case, the first episode of psychosis with intense occupation of reiki will be presented. A 57 year-old woman presented with the complaints of auditory hallucinations, decreased need for sleep, and skepticism. In psychiatric examination; poor self-care, irritable affect, decreased psychomotor activity, flight of associations, mystic delusions, and auditory illusions were noted. It was her first psychiatric administration and her complaints were exacerbated 10 days ago. According to her family, the patient, who has no intimate friendship, has been busy with reiki for 4 years. As the level of reiki goes up, the patient, who predicts the increase of the auditory hallucinations as a reward, has tried to heal the patients through the energy and has tried to eat the earth and to throw herself from 3 meters high. For a possible organic etiology, no pathological findings were found in the results of the blood tests and cranial MRI. Haloperidol 20 mg/day, biperidene 4 mg/day quetiapine 100 mg/day was recommended for the patient who was diagnosed as atypical psychosis. Within a week, her complaints were down. The beginning of the psychotic manifestations of our case, such as hearing the voices, may suggest that a mission like healing in this ritual leads the patient to a psychotic life. From another point of view, the fact that the patient's introverted prodromal period may suggest that there is a psychotic pattern with negative symptoms in the beginning, and perhaps the patient may turn to this area for self-medication. It may be appropriate to evaluate Reiki healing technique from the perspective of psychosis in addition to healing activity.
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