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Jennings, G., McGlashan, D. J. and Furness, R. W. 2012. Responses to changes in sprat abundance of common tern breeding numbers at 12 colonies in the Firth of Forth, east Scotland. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 572–577. Breeding numbers collected in 12 common tern Sterna hirundo colonies in the Firth of Forth, Scotland, along with sprat landings data for the area, were used to investigate how the dynamics of a shared prey resource may affect different colonies in a region. Between 1969 and 2010, breeding numbers fluctuated much more at individual colonies than across the region as a whole, with the largest colonies showing opposite trends, suggesting relocation by birds. This indicates that data from individual colonies may be less useful than regional numbers when using seabirds as indicators. Tern breeding numbers in the region were reduced when the sprat stock (Sprattus sprattus) collapsed in the early 1980s after targeted fishing, but recovered during recent decades when the stock was unfished. This should be considered for reopening the Firth of Forth sprat fishery, as well as in the management of other shared prey stocks.

Managed relocation is explained and examined as an option to add to the usual categories considered in relation to managing coastal erosion. The paper considers the relocation of buildings in one unit, as opposed to demolition and re-construction. The standard coastal erosion management options are briefly noted and how managed relocation can fit into these options is explained. This paper focuses on four case studies. Two examples are from the USA and two from the UK; of these, two (one in each of the UK and USA) took place during the nineteenth century. Managed relocation is proposed as being feasible in particular cases, particularly where there are isolated historic or high value buildings.

Life on earth depends on the ability of the environment to provide essential services. During the 1990s, attempts were made to quantify in monetary terms the benefits that the earth's ecosystem services provide. Costanza et al. (1997a) devised a methodology to assimilate the work of over 100 valuation studies to generate estimates of the monetary value of 17 ecosystem functions for 16 habitat (or biome) types. This work estimated the annual flow of global ecosystem services to be $33 × 1012. In this paper we apply the same methodology to Scotland to derive a current annual ecosystem service value of approximately £17 thousand million ($24 × 109). This is an initial estimate based on the available values. Some modifications to the model are suggested that could produce a more reliable value of Scotland's ecosystem services. Copyright © Crown Copyright 2003. Recorded with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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