While downstream distribution and demand is likely to be hampered by the labor and income effects of COVID‐19, Canada is expected to produce over 88 million tons of grains and oilseeds in 2020. Canadians have valid concerns about delays related to their changing needs as millions move their purchases from food services to retail groceries, but they should not worry about our overall supply of calories. Despite some shortages, the supply chains for flour and cooking oil are not likely to be blocked for an extended period. Learning from the coordinated needs of the BSE crisis in the beef sector, the federal government developed Value Chain Roundtables in 2003, including one for grains. These roundtables bring together government and industry to tackle the issues that face each sector's major needs, including food safety, transportation infrastructure, and market access. A working group made up of various roundtable members was set up specifically to deal with COVID‐19‐related supply chain challenges. This gives both industry and government a venue to attack any choke point or breakdown within our agrifood supply chains—the exact response we need at this time. A preestablished forum for discussion of critical issues at these roundtables, assuming the right players are active and present, cannot hurt, but it would useful for future planners and researchers if the federal government could clarify any positive impact they have.
"In this paper we study the factors associated with innovation in the food processing industry using a survey of Western Canadian food processors. Our primary motivation is to gain a better understanding of the mechanics of innovation related to the adoption of product and process innovation. In particular, we consider the jointness of" ex post "realizations of product and process innovations, and assess whether there are underlying differences that result from innovations developed inhouse versus those developed externally by a third party. Using a multivariate probit model, we find evidence of significant interrelationships between product and process innovations that are developed inhouse. These findings suggest that firms that conduct both process and product innovations inhouse are better able to enjoy complementarities that arise in the discovery process. We also find that firms are more likely to innovate in response to keeping pace with competitors." Copyright (c) 2009 Canadian Agricultural Economics Society.
"This paper examines the potential impacts of U.S. mandatory country of origin labeling. North American hog and pork markets are represented as vertically related in a partial equilibrium non-spatial model. A synthetic model is calibrated to historic data and then used to trace the program's added costs as they are passed through the market to determine who wins and who loses. The transactions costs reduce the welfare of all agents in the United States. Canadian welfare depends primarily on whether mixed supply chains continue to be accepted in the United States and trade in hogs continues. A closed border significantly reduces the welfare of Canadian hog producers and increases the welfare of Canadian pork processors." Copyright 2006 Canadian Agricultural Economics Society.
To open this address, I would like to advocate for membership in the Canadian Agricultural Economics Society (CAES). The fact that applied economics offers theory and methods that help us address topics as diverse as the Canadian grain value chain and the economics of species at risk speaks well for the future of our discipline. There is a vast array of work for us to do. Membership in the CAES offers an excellent link to the most up‐to‐date research in this area through our journal and conferences. Every society I attend inspires me to examine my own research and look at problems in new ways using new tools I learned from presentations made by the members of CAES. The main message of my address is to promote the application of Game Theory strategies as a way to understand behavior in the grain value chain. These tools are already being applied in areas as different as optimizing tradable systems of environmental goods and assessing competitive behavior in beef packing. Tout d'abord, je tiens à mentionner que j'appuie l'adhésion à la Société canadienne d'agroéconomie (SCAE). Le fait que l’économie appliquée offre la théorie et les méthodes qui nous aident à examiner des sujets aussi variés que la chaîne de valeur des grains du Canada et l’économie des espèces en péril augure bien pour l'avenir de notre discipline. La diversité du travail à accomplir est immense. Être membre de la SCAE procure un lien privilégié à la recherche de pointe grâce à notre Revue et à nos conférences. Aujourd'hui, mon message vise principalement à promouvoir l'application des stratégies de la théorie des jeux pour comprendre le comportement au sein de la chaîne de valeur des grains. Certains domaines, tels que l'optimisation des systèmes d’échange des biens environnementaux et l’évaluation du comportement concurrentiel dans le secteur du conditionnement du bœuf, utilisent déjà ces outils. La panoplie d'outils à notre disposition est mise en valeur dans notre Revue et lors de nos congrès. Tous les congrès auxquels j'assiste me motivent à examiner ma propre recherche et à analyser les problèmes sous un angle différent grâce aux nouveaux outils mis au point et présentés par les membres de la SCAE.
The Chinese government's recent decision to suspend the export licenses of two Canadian grain firms has garnered international attention. The dispute has been portrayed by some as a diplomatic dispute between two countries, and by others as a concern about plant health. We analyze the economics of the dispute, including a simple economic model of international trade in which a large-country importer imposes a targeted import ban on one large-country exporter. The model provides a framework for understanding the economic effects of a trade ban under various market conditions. We also discuss the legal framework and dispute settlement process that would be encountered if the disagreement proceeds to a formal dispute in the World Trade Organization.La récente décision du gouvernement chinois de suspendre les licences d'exportation de deux sociétés céréalières canadiennes a attiré l'attention de la communauté internationale. Le différend a été présenté par certains comme un différend diplomatique entre deux pays, et par d'autres comme une préoccupation phytosanitaire. Nous analysons les aspects économiques du différend, y compris un modèle économique simple de commerce international dans lequel un grand pays importateur impose une interdiction d'importation ciblée à un grand exportateur. Le modèle fournit un cadre permettant de comprendre les effets économiques d'une interdiction commerciale dans diverses conditions de marché. Nous discutons également du cadre juridique et du processus de règlement des différends qui seraient rencontrés si le désaccord devenait un différend formel au sein de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce. China on March 1, 2019. China issued several warnings about pests in canola 1 imports through the spring of 2019, and eventually suspended Richardson International's and Viterra's export licenses (AAFC, 2019). Richardson International and Viterra are two 1 We use the term canola to mean whole seeds ready for crushing. Some trade reports include trade in oil as a seed equivalent; we do not do use oil/seed equivalents here.
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