BACKGROUND: Premarital sex increases the risk of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections including HIV if unprotected and contraception is not used. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess premarital sex in the last twelve months and its predictors among regular undergraduate students of Wollega University. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using pretested, structured questionnaire was conducted on a total of 704 regular undergraduate students of Wollega University from February to March, 2014. We used multistage sampling technique to recruit study participants. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were performed using SPSS version 20 to assess predictors of premarital sex. Statistical significance was determined through a 95% confidence level. RESULTS: Wollega University youths who had premarital sex in the last twelve months were 28.4%; 55.5% of them did not use condom during last sex while 31.3% engaged in multiple sex. Being male .2(1.31-3.56)] were associated with increased odds of premarital sex in the last twelve months. CONCLUSION: Nearly one-third of regular undergraduate students of the university were engaged in premarital sex in the last twelve months. Being male, using social media frequently and alcohol use were associated with increased odds of premarital sex in the stated period. Thus, higher institutions have to deliver abstinence messages alongside information about self-protection.

Article InformationThe work of the teacher becomes much more demanding when some learners have AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as their problems with attention span, impulse control and activity level frequently interfere with activities in the classroom and socially. This study revealed the teachers good knowledge about ADHD but about 43.7% of primary school teachers had poor knowledge. The objective of the study was to assess the primary school teacher's knowledge and misconceptions of ADHD and associated factors in Nekemte Town, Oromiya region Western Ethiopia. This study was conducted in Nekemte full Cycle Primary Schools. Nekemte Town, the capital city of East Wollega zone is found 331 km from the capital Addis Ababa to the West. There are 10 government and 20 private full cycle primary schools in the town. Institution based descriptive cross-sectional study were applied. All primary teachers in the selected schools and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Non probability convenience sampling technique was utilized to recruit study participants. The period of the study is from December 2015 to January 2016. The collected data were entered into computer using Epi data version 3.5 and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 21.0. The Binary logistic regression was fitted to assess possible association and the strength of association was measured using odds ratio with 95% CI. The P<0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The results of the study showed that among 206 primary school teachers majority were in the age group of <=40years of age (62.6%) were 50.5 % are female. Most of the participants are teaching general education (96.6%) and 3.4% were teaching special education. For the 41 items knowledge score was computed and the mean value of 15.4 and standard deviation of 6.9 was calculated. Accordingly 15 score was used to categorize the knowledge level of the study participants. Based on the mean value 56.

Background Obesity and overweight are known public health problems that affect populations across the world. These conditions have been associated with a wide range of chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancers. In Ethiopia, the literature regarding the burden of central (abdominal) obesity is scarce. This study aimed to fill this gap by assessing the prevalence and risk factors associated with central obesity among adults in Ethiopia. Methods From May to July 2021, a community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 694 adults aged ≥18 years in administrative towns of Bale zone, Southeast Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling followed by systematic random sampling was employed to identify study participants. Waist and hip circumferences were measured using standard protocols. The World Health Organization STEPS wise tool was used to assess risk factors associated with central obesity. Bi-variable and multi-variable binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with central obesity. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) have been reported to estimate the strength of associations. Results The overall prevalence of central obesity using waist circumference was 39.01% [(95% CI: 35.36–42.76; 15.44% for men and 53.12% for women)]. Multi-variable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex (AOR = 12.93, 95% CI: 6.74–24.79), Age groups: 30–39 years old (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.59–4.94), 40–49 years (AOR = 7.66, 95% CI: 3.87–15.15), 50–59 years (AOR = 4.65, 95% CI: 2.19–9.89), ≥60 years (AOR = 12.67, 95% CI: 5.46–29.39), occupational status like: housewives (AOR = 5.21, 95% CI: 1.85–14.62), self-employed workers (AOR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.62–13.24), government/private/non-government employees (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI: 1.47–14.88), and skipping breakfast (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23–0.9) were significantly associated with central obesity. Conclusions Abdominal obesity has become an epidemic in Bale Zone’s towns in Southeastern Ethiopia. Female sex, age, being employed were positively associated with central obesity, while skipping breakfast was a protective factor.

Background Obesity and overweight are known are public health scourge challenges affecting populations across the world. These conditions have been associated with a wide range of chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancers. In Ethiopia, literature regarding the burden of central (abdominal) obesity is scarce. This study aimed to fill this gap by assessing the prevalence and risk factors associated with central obesity among adults in Ethiopia. Methods From May to July 2021, a community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 694 adults aged >=18 years in administrative towns of Bale zone, Southeast Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling followed by systematic random sampling was employed to identify study participants. Waist and hip circumferences were measured using standard protocols. The World Health Organization STEPS wise tool was used to assess risk factors associated with central obesity. Bi-variable and multi-variable binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with central obesity. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported to estimate the strength of associations. Results The overall prevalence of central obesity using waist circumference was 39.01% (15.44% for men and 53.12% for women). Multi-variable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex (AOR=12.93, 95% CI: 6.74-24.79), Age groups: 30-39 years old (AOR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.59-4.94), 40-49 years (AOR=7.66, 95% CI: 3.87-15.15), 50-59 years (AOR=4.65, 95% CI: 2.19-9.89), >=60 years (AOR=12.67, 95% CI: 5.46-29.39), occupational status like: housewives (AOR=5.21, 95% CI: 1.85-14.62), self-employed workers (AOR=4.63, 95% CI: 1.62-13.24), government/private/non-government employees (AOR=4.68, 95% CI: 1.47-14.88) and skipping breakfast (AOR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.23-0.9) were significantly associated with central obesity. Conclusions Abdominal obesity has become an epidemic in towns of southeast Ethiopia, and the prevalence is higher among women. Female sex, older age group, being employed, not skipping breakfast were significantly associated with central obesity.

Field bindweed is the major weed problem for tef producers across the central highlands of Ethiopia. Herbicide application alone or coupled with once or twice hand weeding for field bindweed control is difficult due to its biological features, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. The field trial was carried out at Debre Zeit from 2020 to 2021 cropping seasons to investigate different postemergence herbicides against the grass and broadleaf weeds, in general, and field bindweed in particular, in tef farming, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. As a result, we could see that the herbicide combination had no visible effect on durum wheat’s overall performance, which makes us recommend it for the control of field bindweed. In the sequential application, a wide spectrum of herbicides (Musket Power OD 460, Pallas 45 OD, and Sekator OD 375) were applied at tillering stage, and other selective herbicides (Derby 175 SC and 2,4-diamine salt 720 g/L 720 g/L) were applied at the heading stage, and the last nonselective herbicide (Roundup) was applied at physiological maturity of tef when the Convolvulus arvensis was regrowth naturally/latecomer weed. All postemergency herbicide treatments reduced significantly both broadleaf and grass weeds, in general, and C. arvensis infestation, in particular, when compared to the weedy control. Of these, Musket Power OD 460 at tillering stage integrated with 2,4-diamine salt 720 g/L at the heading stage was more effective than other herbicides for eliminating all weeds and C. arvensis in particular throughout the crop life. This weed management option resulted in considerably enhanced weed control efficiency and weed killing potential, reduced weed dry biomass and yield loss, improved grain yield, and economic benefit with an acceptable marginal rate of return for tef growers.