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Protein malnutrition results in a variety of brain dysfunctions, ultimately affecting cognitive functions. The effects of protein malnutrition in brain response to psychostimulants have been less studied in adult animals. We therefore aimed to study the response to psychoactive drugs on the locomotor activity (a behavior paradigm) of adult protein malnourished mice. Two-month-old mice were divided in two groups: (a) low-protein group (LP), which received 6% of protein diet, and (b) a control group that received a 25% of protein diet. After 3 months, they were tested for locomotor activity after an i.p. injection of one of psychoactive drugs: D-amphetamine (5.0 mg/kg), apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg), dizocilpine (0.25 mg/kg), or caffeine (30 mg/kg). Mice submitted to the LP diet presented prolonged induction of hyperlocomotion caused by amphetamine (about 350% between 90 and 180 min post drug injection as compared with well-nourished mice, p<0.01) but presented unaltered response to apomorphine, caffeine, and dizocilpine. These data point to altered catecholamine metabolism induced by protein restriction in adult mice. The results are discussed based on previous works, presenting theoretical hypotheses about the possible mechanisms involved in the present findings.

A maioria dos novos projetos de geração de energia hidrelétrica tem como objetivo o melhoramento do padrão de vida dos cidadãos de um país, com o desenvolvimento do potencial energético, da industrialização, da melhoria de condições de subsistência e alívio da pobreza. Contudo, os empreendimentos nem sempre se preocupam com as práticas de governança, trazendo muitos impactos no uso dos recursos naturais e externalidades de diversificados efeitos sobre as pessoas, famílias e comunidades. Recorrendo à literatura por meio da realização de uma revisão sistemática, buscou-se identificar as características da governança na construção de empreendimentos hidrelétricos, verificando como a governança contribui para diminuir os impactos sociais e a degradação dos recursos naturais. Os  resultados apontam que as práticas de governança mitigam os efeitos específicos das alterações nos ambientes e nas comunidades envolvidas, seja com medidas de contingência ou mesmo compensações efetivas. Conclui-se que as boas práticas de governança valorizam as políticas de preservação ambiental, que podem minimizar impactos ambientais de grandes projetos. Dando seguimento a temática, discute-se, ao final, as contradições e inconsistências encontradas na literatura, evidenciando-se oportunidades e desafios que podem ser abordados por futuras pesquisas.

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This article reviewed the literature to highlight how governance in hydroelectric enterprises is configured and the impacts on natural resources resulting from this type of energy production. The methodological procedures were based on the PRISMA recommendation (Main Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) and indexed articles were used from the SCOPUS database. It was evidenced that more than 1/3 of the studies were conducted in Brazil, highlighting the potential of the Amazon region of the country for the construction of hydroelectric dams. Four essential subjects were identified as to be observed by the governance of these enterprises: stakeholder participation, habitat fragmentation, social impacts, and impacts on fish species. These subjects constitute three categories that synthesize governance in hydroelectric projects and the impacts on natural resources: energy policies – which generate benefits for the private sector and contemplate very little the local communities and the environment; water resources and fish - the impacts are related to the type of enterprise to be built, which can compromise the migration and reproduction of fish, in addition to the increasing concentration of nutrients in reservoirs and changes of the water quality; and biodiversity and ecosystem – which are affected by the fragmentation and alteration of natural habitats caused by dam floods.

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