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Although consumer researchers have investigated impulse buying for nearly 50 years, almost no research has empirically examined its normative aspects. This article presents conceptual and empirical,evidence that consumers' normative evaluations (Le., judgments about the appropriateness of engaging in impulse buying behavior) moderate the relationship between the impulse buying trait and consumers' buying behaviors. Specifically, the relationship between the buying impulsiveness trait and related buying behaviors is significant only when consumers believe that acting on impulse is appropriate. The findings from two studies across student and retail customer samples converge and support the hypothesized moderating role of consumers' normative evaluations.

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Liver metastases cause the majority of deaths from colorectal cancer, and response to chemotherapy and external radiotherapy is poor. An alternative is internal radionuclide therapy using (90)Y labeled microspheres. These microspheres are very stable and have a proven efficacy in the field of treatment of primary or metastatic hepatic cancer. Whilst these glass spheres showed encouraging results in patients, their high density is a serious drawback. Currently, other materials with lower densities and other radioisotopes are being investigated in order to optimize this promising new therapy. Three major radiolabeled microsphere materials, viz. glass, resin-based and polymer-based, are now available for therapy or are being tested in animals. In this review the preparation, stability and degradation of these spheres are discussed.

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