This article reviews the essential features, types, prevalence, pathophysiology, and neuropsychological correlates associated with the sleep apnea syndrome. Persons who experience the intermittent hypoxia and fragmented sleep characteristic of the sleep apnea syndrome tend to exhibit moderate symptoms of diffuse cognitive dysfunction as well as multiple emotional and psychosocial sequela. It is concluded that more research is required in order to elucidate the relationship between the hypoxic parameters and neurocognitive deficits seen in the sleep apnea syndrome, and that neuropsychological assessment might represent a means whereby the effectiveness of various treatments for sleep apnea may be evaluated.
Based on the working hypothesis that optimal psychological strategies for athletic performance can be employed only when the nature of the task is understood, an instrument was developed that identified systematically the varying physical, cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal requirements of a wide range of athletic activities, A sample of 753 Naval Academy midshipmen with experience and expertise in different sports rated their sport along a number of dimensions, constituting the items in the instrument. These ratings were submitted to a principal-component factor analysis, and 41' items were retained and organized into eight subscales based on the component loadings. Items and subscales were psychometrically stable and homogeneous. Standardized profiles were then constructed for the rated requirements of 48 sports. An additional principal-component analysis yielded second-order components which led to the combining of sports with similar profiles. The 48 sports were thereby reduced to 18 clusters. Some applications of this approach are offered, as well as ideas for future research.
The results from this project provide an example of how advance practice nurses (APNs) can demonstrate meaningful and competitive health care services for underserved women and how APNs can actively evaluate programs they offer that affect the health practices of communities in need.
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