Objective To report the perioperative outcomes of 200 patients with gynecologic cancer who underwent surgery during the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) pandemic and the safety of surgical approach. Methods Data of patients operated between March 10 and May 20, 2020, were collected retrospectively. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics for Windows v. SP21.0. Results Data of 200 patients were included. Their mean age was 56 years. Of the patients, 54% (n=108), 27.5% (n=55), 12.5% (n=25), and 2% (n=4) were diagnosed as having endometrial, ovarian, cervical, and vulvar cancer, respectively. Of them, 98% underwent non‐emergent surgery. A minimally invasive surgical approach was used in 18%. Stage 1 cancer was found in 68% of patients. Surgeons reported COVID‐related changes in 10% of the cases. The rate of postoperative complications was 12%. Only two patients had cough and suspected pneumonic lesions on thoracic computed tomography postoperatively, but neither was positive for COVID‐19 on polymerase chain reaction testing. Conclusion Based on the present findings, it is thought that gynecologic cancer surgery should continue during the COVID‐19 pandemic while adhering to the measures. Postponement or non‐surgical management should only be considered in patients with documented infection. Gynecologic cancer surgery should continue during the COVID‐19 pandemic while adhering to measures. Only 1% of patients developed COVID‐19‐related symptoms during the postoperative follow‐up period.

This article has been peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance.It is an open access article, which means that it can be downloaded, printed, and distributed freely, provided the work is properly cited. Articles in "Ginekologia Polska" are listed in PubMed.

Purpose: Our purpose was to comparatively investigate the expressions of nidogen-1 (NID1) and legumain (LGMN) in patients with endometrial cancer, endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, and proliferative endometrium. Methods: A cross-sectional, single-center study was performed by the obstetrics and gynecology and pathology departments of our institution. The relationships between descriptive data, clinicopathologic information, and immunohistochemical expressions of NID1 and LGMN were investigated. Results: The histological grades of endometrial cancers (n = 124) as classified by FIGO included 1 (41, 21.1%), 2 (48, 24.7%), and 3 (35, 18.0%). The medians and ranges of deep and superficial NID1 expressions were 50.00 (0-285) and 5.00 (0-100), respectively. The intensity of legumain expression was noted as negative (30, 24.2%), mild (16, 12.9%), moderate (27, 21.8%), or strong (51, 41.1%). Median disease-free survival and overall survival were 75.00 (range: 1 to 170) months and 77.00 (range: 1 to 170) months, respectively. Patients with more intense expression of NID1 and LGMN displayed a higher histological grade. These patients were more likely to have a positive peritoneal cytology, larger tumor size, higher tendency for myometrial or lymphovascular invasion, involvement of ovaries, cervix, omentum, as well as lymph node metastasis, and recurrence. Conclusion: Our data indicated that the expressions of NID1 and LGMN may have important diagnostic implications in endometrial pathologies. Further studies should be performed to understand the significance of NID1 and LGMN in the pathogenesis of endometrial tumors.

No abstract

he implantation of the fertilized ovum in a region other than the uterine cavity is known as ectopic pregnancy. It is a complication observed in 1%-2% of all pregnancies.1 Despite the progress in diagnostic techniques, ectopic pregnancy remains a crucial cause of maternal morbidity and mortality throughout the world, especially in the countries where prenatal care is poor.2 More than 95% of the ectopic pregnancies are located in the tuba. 3 The etiopathogenesis of tubal ectopic pregnancy has not been clarified yet, though this condition is usually associated with tubal abnormalities and dysfunction, such as abnormal tubal-cilia activity or contractility. 4 Reactive oxygen species produced during metabolic and physiological processes occurring in the body are known as oxidants. Antioxidants play a role in reducing the harmful effects that the oxidants cause in the body. There is a delicate balance between oxidants and antioxidants inside the cells, and if this balance tips in favor of oxidants, a condition of oxidative stress occurs, which may cause cellular damage.5 Any damage that occurs in the tubas at a cellular level may predispose women to a defective tubal transport of the embryo, which is a central process in ectopic preg- , and 30 healthy women who were not pregnant (second control group). All the participants were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziantep University Medical School, Turkey. The Erel method was used to measure the total oxidant level (TOL), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI). R Re es su ul lt ts s: : TOL and OSI values were significantly higher in the patient group (p = 0.001) than in the second control group, while there was no significant difference between the patient group and the first control group. The values for TAC were significantly lower in the patient group (p = 0.001) compared to the second control group; however, there was no significant difference between the patient group and the first control group (p = 0.449). C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : The role of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of tubal ectopic pregnancy warrants more comprehensive studies in the future.

Objectives: Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the world and Turkey. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between re-approximation of the rectus muscles during CS and the severity of diastasis recti abdominis in the first postoperative month. To investigate the relationship between re-approximation of the rectus muscles during CS and the severity of diastasis recti abdominis in the first postoperative month. Material and methods: The study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups: parietal peritoneum closure only (Group 1), and closure of the parietal peritoneum and re-approximation of rectus muscle (Group 2). The distance between the rectus muscles and the thickest rectus muscle thickness were measured one month after CS from three anatomic regions using superficial ultrasonography by the same blinded physician. The anatomic regions were described as xiphoid, 3 cm above the umbilicus, and 2 cm below the umbilicus. The relation of the measurements between the groups was evaluated. Results: There was a total of 128 patients, 64 in Group 1 and 64 in Group 2. There were no statistical differences between the groups in terms of the distance between rectus muscles and the thickness of rectus muscle at the described anatomic regions (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Re-approximation of rectus muscles has no effect on the prevention of diastasis recti, which is an important cosmetic problem.

Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a rare ovarian malignancy originating from sex cord-stromal cells. Sex cord stromal tumors account for 5-8% of all ovarian malignancies. 1 GCTs, which constitute approximately 70% of sex cord stromal ovarian tumors, are seen in 0.4-1.7 per 100,000 women. They are divided into 2 sub-groups as juvenile (5%) and adult (95%) tumors based on their clinical presentation and histologic characteristics. The only clinically proven prognostic factor regarding recurrence is stage. However, patient age, tumor size, presence of intraperitoneal disease and the scope of the operation also play a role in prognosis. 2 Histological prognostic factors include nuclear atypia and mitosis. 3 Average recurrence is 5 years after surgery for the primary tumor. However, cases recurring even 20-30 years after the initial diagnosis have been reported in the literature. 4 Only 2% of GCT cases are bilateral, and most cases are diagnosed at Stage 1. Synchronous GCT has also been reported very rarely. They are usually lowgrade tumors with good prognosis. The most common presentation includes abdominal pain and distention. 5 Also they can secrete estrogen. Endometrial thickness should be evaluated with transvaginal ultrasound

Objective In this case report, we aimed to discuss a septic pelvic thromboembophlebitis (SPT) case detected 20 days later who had the previous history of cesarean section and had an intrauterine stillbirth vaginally at 30 weeks of gestation. Case(s) A 24-year old patient, who admitted to the emergency service with the complaints of fever and pain in the lower right abdomen and was reported to have a 4 cm formation consistent with thrombus on the right ovarian vein wall in the computed tomography (ST), was hospitalized for follow-up and treatment. The patient whose thrombus showed remission in the check-up tomography scan after the broad-spectrum antibiotherapy and anticoagulant treatment was discharged on the 10th day. The treatment of the patient who did not develop any complication in the follow-ups was completed with recover. Conclusion In conclusion, SPT is a complication which is seen rarely in both obstetric and gynecologic practices. SPT is a disease which may lead to fatal outcomes by late diagnosis but satisfying results with early diagnosis. Abdominal pain and fever symptoms should come to mind in all cases after delivery or operation.