Pierre Bourdieu, sınıfı, Marksizm'in ekonomik indirgemeci versiyonlarında olduğu gibi basitçe üretim aygıtlarıyla girilen ilişki üzerinden okumaz. Sınıfı ekonomik, kültürel, sosyal ve sembolik sermaye ile katmanlanan fraksiyonlar olarak algılar. Buna göre toplumsal yaşam, eyleyenlerin sermayelerini artırma ve üst sınıflara doğru yükselme arzularına dayalı savaş alanlarıdır. Bourdieu'nün toplumsal uzam üzerinden savaşa dair yaptığı bu okuma, savaşı anlamaya ilişkin yürütülen tartışmalara yeni bir eksen kazandırabilecek niteliktedir. Bourdieu'nün toplumsal alan ile savaş arasında kurduğu anlamlı ilişki, savaşı anlamak üzerine yürütülen tartışmaları birey ve toplum üzerinden sosyolojik bir bakış açısı ile okumaya imkân verir. Ayrıca bu kuramsal ve metodolojik altyapı savaş çalışmalarının savaşı anlamaya yönelik çabalarına katkı sağlayabilecek niteliktedir.
While culture is affirmed by the Frankfurt School in an elitist and narrow framework; the school of British Cultural Studies takes the concept in a much broader context, including all doings of subjects. Especially as a musicologist, in Theodor Adorno's texts, genres such as jazz and Stravinsky-style classical music are devalued; Atonal music that emphasizes the variety of notes in the composition is affirmed. The school of British Cultural Studies, on the other hand, takes care of the more mundane forms of culture and finds a resilient element in popular culture in a way that restores the dignity of the working-class culture that rooted its members. A working class subject will not have the chance to access and analyze the high cultural forms glorified by the Frankfurt School, and to use these forms effectively in cultural consumption activities. This study aims to evaluate this contrast in the approaches to culture of Frankfurt School and British Cultural Studies, which are included in Critical Communication Studies. It will question whether it is necessary to limit the resistance of the subjects within the higher forms of culture as the Frankfurt School claims. From the opposite perspective, it will question the possibility that the effort to exist within the structure can be realized through more casual and popular forms as Cultural Studies advocates. This study, which does not feed on a stance in favor of the Frankfurt School or British Cultural Studies, aims to evaluate the thesis of both approaches through the daily life and cultural production-consumption activities of the subjects.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDITORIAL INDEPENDENCE AND THE IDEOLOGY OF PROFESSIONALISM IN TURKISH MAINSTREAM BROADCASTING ABSTRACTThis study discusses the relationship between editorial independence and the ideology of professionalism. The main claim of this study is that the editorial independence which foresees personal intervention is problematic. The newsmaking process is determined structurally; for that reason, there is no place for independence, even if there is no direct intervention. The structural determinants, such as sensationalism, rating and advertising expectations, the routines of journalists, the ideology of professionalism don"t allow the constitution of the autonomy field. The main aim of this study is to reveal how independence is prevented by the ideology of professionalism. The fact that there is no other study that focuses on the relationship between editorial independence and the ideology of professionalism makes this paper valuable. The field research of this 1 Bu makale Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü"nde yaptığım Habercilikte Editoryal Bağımsızlık Sorunu: Türkiye"deki Anaakım Televizyon Kanalları Üzerine Bir İnceleme başlıklı doktora tezine dayanmaktadır.2 Arş. Gör. Başkent Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi,
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