Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) typically arises as a firm nodule on the extremities of young men. The tumor is remarkable for diagnostic difficulties both clinically and histopathologically resulting in a high frequency of initial misdiagnosis. ES is also known to have a high rate of recurrence and high rate of metastasis predominantly to the lymph nodes, lungs, and scalp. Herein, the second case of ES with metastasis to the tongue is reported.
Background:In pemphigus, autoantibodies are directed against adhesion molecules, which make the junctions between keratinocytes, and thus determining their level can reflect the disease activity.Aim:The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical significance of the autoantibody levels in pemphigus management.Materials and Methods:The clinical features of 47 pemphigus vulgaris patients were assessed and patients′ sera were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence using monkey esophagus as a substrate for autoantibody levels.Results:We found a significant correlation between antibody titers and mucosal severity scores. Initial antibody titers of the patients with at least one mucosal lesion at the end of the first month of the therapy were found significantly higher than the patients who had no mucosal lesion. With the therapy, lesions resolved earlier than the antibody titers.Conclusion:In patients with pemphigus, especially in cases who were not treated before, sera antibody levels are a valuable tool in evaluating disease severity and choosing initial treatment. In patients who had been taking any systemic treatment, it is difficult to make a relationship between antibody levels and disease severity, because therapy improves disease earlier than the antibody titers. However, estimating antibody levels can be helpful for clinicians in disease management, in reducing or ceasing treatment dosage and anticipating recurrence.
ÖZET
Primary And Secondary Effects Of The Currency Risk In The Production Sector And Solution Offers For The Currency Risk ABSTRACT
It is seen that the manufacturing companies in Turkey are exposed to the currency risk due to the import dependency they have, filling their financial gaps mainly with foreign currency loans, and the unconscious management. In this article, information with respect to the determination of the primary (resource erosion) and secondary (delayed liquidity risk) effects of the currency risk exposed on the financial data and the possible measures to be taken is provided. While the currency risk and its effects were determined, central bank manufacturing sector balance sheet, income statement and ratios were utilized. Financial data between 2005 and 2014 was evaluated in terms of ratio and trend analysis. It is revealed that protection from the currency-related negative effects on financial data is possible with the use of foreign currency based billing, reflection of the currency movements to the price, operational hedging and financial hedging methods. Four main instruments considered in termsof avoiding the currency risk may limit the negative effects of the resource erosion seen in the companies and deferred accumulated liquidity risks. These instruments should be used in order to limit the negative currency-related effects while shifting from the operating profitability to the net profit for the period in a compatible manner with the operating cycles of the companies.
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