background. Independent risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) after cesarean section have not been well documented, despite the large number of cesarean sections performed and the relatively common occurrence of SSI.

BACKGROUND Accurate data on costs attributable to hospital-acquired infections are needed in order to determine their economic impact and the cost-benefit of potential preventive strategies. OBJECTIVE Determine the attributable costs of surgical site infection (SSI) and endometritis (EMM) after cesarean section using two different methods. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a 1250-bed academic tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS 1,605 women who underwent low transverse cesarean section from 7/1999 – 6/2001. METHODS Attributable costs of SSI and EMM were determined by generalized least squares (GLS) and propensity score matched-pairs using administrative claims data to define underlying comorbidities and procedures. For the matched-pairs analyses, uninfected control patients were matched to patients with SSI or with EMM based on their propensity to develop infection, and the median difference in costs calculated. RESULTS The attributable total hospital cost of SSI calculated by GLS was $3,529 and by propensity score matched-pairs was $2,852. The attributable total hospital cost of EMM calculated by GLS was $3,956 and by propensity score matched-pairs was $3,842. The majority of excess costs were associated with room and board and pharmacy costs. CONCLUSIONS The costs of SSI and EMM were lower than SSI costs reported after more extensive operations. The attributable costs of EMM calculated using the two methods were very similar, while the costs of SSI calculated using propensity score matched-pairs were lower than the costs calculated by GLS. The difference in costs determined by the two methods needs to be considered by investigators performing cost analyses of hospital-acquired infections.

Objective To determine independent risk factors for endometritis (EMM) following low transverse cesarean section (LTCS). Study design We performed a retrospective case-control study from July 1999 to June 2001 in a large tertiary-care academic hospital. EMM was defined as fever beginning > 24 hours or continuing for ≥ 24 hours after delivery plus fundal tenderness in the absence of other causes for fever. Independent risk factors for EMM were determined by multivariable logistic regression. A fractional polynomial method was used to examine risk of EMM associated with the continuous variable, duration of rupture of membranes. Results EMM was identified in 124/1605 (7.7%) women within 30 days after LTCS. Independent risk factors for EMM included age (odds ratio (OR) for each additional year 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90-0.97) and anemia/perioperative blood transfusion (OR 2.18; CI:1.30-3.68). Risk of EMM was marginally associated with a proxy for low socioeconomic status, lack of private health insurance (OR 1.72; CI: 0.99-3.00), amniotomy (OR 1.69; CI:0.97-2.95), and longer duration of rupture of membranes. Conclusion Risk of EMM was independently associated with younger age and anemia, and was marginally associated with lack of private health insurance, and amniotomy. Although duration of rupture of membranes was only marginally associated with increased risk of EMM, increased risk was observed very soon after rupture of membranes. Knowledge of these risk factors is important to guide selective use of prophylactic antibiotics during labor and heighten awareness of the risk in subgroups at highest risk of infection.

The prevalence of STI in this jail population is high. Incarceration represents a unique opportunity to evaluate and treat this underserved population. Predictors of infection are limited and infection is common; therefore, routine screening should be considered in this population.