Axillary staging of patients with early-stage breast cancer is essential in the
treatment planning. Currently such staging is intraoperatively performed, but there
is a tendency to seek a preoperative and less invasive technique to detect lymph node
metastasis. Ultrasonography is widely utilized for this purpose, many times in
association with fine-needle aspiration biopsy or core needle biopsy. However, the
sonographic criteria for determining malignancy in axillary lymph nodes do not
present significant predictive values, producing discrepant results in studies
evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of this method. The present study was
aimed at reviewing the literature approaching the utilization of ultrasonography in
the axillary staging as well as the main morphological features of metastatic lymph
nodes.
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in women of reproductive age. Much of the treatment involves hormone therapy that suppresses the proliferation of endometriosis lesions.
Objective
to compare discontinuation rates of pharmacological treatment with estrogen-progestins and progestins medications. The secondary objective is to evaluate the main side effects of these drugs in patients with endometriosis.
Methods
this retrospective study analyzed data from 330 patients who attended the Hospital of the State Public Servant of São Paulo from August 1999 to September 2020 and received pharmacological treatment for endometriosis. The data were obtained by review of the files of medical appointments with specialized staff.
Results
the median treatment time was 18 months, ranging from 1 to 168 months, and 177 patients interrupted the proposed treatment. The combined contraceptives with estrogens and progestins were significantly linked to treatment interruption, with a relative risk of 1,99 (p = 0,005). The most important side effects that resulted in treatment interruption were pain persistence (p = 0,043), weight gain (p = 0,017) and spotting (p < 0,001).
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