To determine whether pregnancy is associated with an increased rate of flare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we prospectively studied 40 pregnancies in 37 women with SLE. The women were evaluated on a monthly basis in the Hopkins Lupus Pregnancy Center, Flare was designated using a previously developed quantitative definition, i.e., a change of >1.0 in the physician's global assessment (scale of 0-3) since the preceding visit or during the last 93 days. Flare occurred in 24 (60%) of the pregnancies. Flares presented most commonly as constitutional symptoms, renal involvement, or involvement of skin or joints. Comparison of the rates of flare in the same patients after delivery and in nonpregnant SLE patients showed a significant increase in the rate of flare during pregnancy (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). We conclude that flare of lupus during pregnancy is common and occurs significantly more frequently than does flare in nonpregnant SLE patients or in the same patients after pregnancy.The relationship of pregnancy ity in systemic lupus erythematosus to disease activ-(SLE) has been
Purpose-To examine racial differences in urinary incontinence (UI) prevalence, frequency, quantity, type, and risk factors in a population-based sample of community-dwelling black and white women.Materials and Methods-Women ages 35-64 were sampled from telephone records from three southeast Michigan counties. Women self-identifying as black or white race completed a telephone interview that assessed demographics, health history, lifestyle factors, and UI experience. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and multivariable logistic regression to determine adjusted odds of UI. Estimates were weighted to reflect probability and nonresponse characteristics of the sample and to increase generalizability of the findings.Results-Interviews were completed by 1,922 black and 892 white women (response rate=69%). The overall prevalence of UI was 26.5%. By race, UI prevalence was 14.6% for black women and 33.1% for white women (p<0.001). Among incontinent women, there was no difference by race in the frequency of UI; however, black women reported more urine loss per episode (p<0.05). A larger proportion of white women with incontinence (39.2%) reported symptoms of pure stress incontinence compared to black women (25.0%), whereas a larger proportion of black women (23.8%) reported symptoms of pure urge incontinence compared to white women (11.0%). Risk factors for UI were generally similar for white and black women.Conclusions-In this population-based study we observed racial differences in prevalence, quantity, and type of UI. Frequency of and risk factors for UI were generally similar for white and black women.
There are quantifiable differences in vesical neck mobility during a cough and Valsalva maneuver in continent women. This difference is lost in the primiparous stress-incontinent women.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.