Gentamicin bladder irrigations are a helpful adjunct in the management of complex pediatric urological cases involving recurrent symptomatic bacteriuria. We no longer require intensive laboratory monitoring of low risk patients at our institution.
The synthesis and characterization of several Cr(III) complexes of the constrained macrocyclic ligand 1,11-C3-cyclam (1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[9.3.3]heptadecane) is reported. Only trans complexes are formed, and the structure of trans-[Cr(1,11-C3-cyclam)Cl2]PF6 is presented. The chemical and photophysical behavior of the 1,11-C3-cyclam complexes are compared with those of the corresponding cyclam (1,4,8,11 tetraazacyclotetradecane) and 1,4-C2-cyclam (1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadecane) complexes. The aquation rate of trans-[Cr(1,11-C3-cyclam)Cl2]+ is similar to that of the corresponding 1,4-C2-cyclam complex and is more than 5 orders of magnitude faster than the cyclam counterpart. A monotonic increase in the extinction coefficient is observed on going from the cyclam complexes to the 1,11-C3-cyclam complexes to the 1,4-C2-cyclam complexes, and this is related to the degree of centrosymmetry in each complex. The trans-[Cr(1,11-C3-cyclam)(CN)2]+ complex is a weak emitter in aqueous solution with a room-temperature emission maximum at 724 nm (tau=23 micros). Like the corresponding 1,4-C2-cyclam complex (tau=0.24 micros), the 1,11-C3-cyclam complex shows no deuterium-isotope effect in room-temperature solution. This is in marked contrast to the corresponding cyclam complex which has an emission lifetime of 335 micros and a significant deuterium isotope effect in room-temperature solution. Low temperature (77K) data are also presented in an attempt to understand the differences in photophysical behavior.
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