As a result of the research, the effectiveness of leaf treatment of crops with chelated micro fertilizers in the formation of productivity elements of grain sorghum varieties selected by RosNIISK "Rossorgo" in the conditions of the Lower Volga region was revealed. The complex of agronomic features included the following elements of the productivity of grain sorghum: grain yield, weight of 1000 grains, panicle length, grain weight from one panicle, number of grains from one panicle. A significant effect of chelated micronutrients on the increase in the size of the signs of inflorescence length, grain weight from one panicle in the varieties Assistant, RSK Cascade and Prince was revealed. There is also a tendency to increase the number of grains from one panicle and the mass of 1000 grains of the Garant variety when spraying crops with all doses of chelated micronutrients. Leaf treatment of vegetative plants of grain sorghum with chelated micro-fertilizers had a significant effect on grain yield. The greatest increase in grain yield was revealed when processing crops of the RSK Cascade variety with zinc fertilizer up to 5.93-6.28 t/ha, as well as with a preparation with calcium up to 6.03-7.65 t/ha. The grain yield of the Assistant variety increased to 4.95-6.80 t/ha (21.3-66.7% higher than the control), the Garant variety when treated with both preparations increased to 7.43-9.85 t/ha, the excess of the control variant was 15.7-53.4%. Keywords: SORGHUM, VARIETY, CHELATED MICRO FERTILIZERS, BIOMASS PRODUCTIVITY AND YIELD, MASS OF 1000 GRAINS, INFLORESCENCE LENGTH, GRAIN WEIGHT AND NUMBER OF GRAINS FROM ONE PANICLE, GENERATIVE SIGNS
Currently, there is a certain tendency in Russia to increase the acreage occupied by sorghum crops. According to the Federal State Statistics Service, 90.0 thousand hectares of sorghum for grain were sown in 2021, and by 2022 the acreage under sorghum increased by 129.0%, which amounted to 116.0 thousand hectares. The choice of this crop, of course, is determined by its tolerance to soils, high drought resistance, the ability to withstand extreme positive temperatures in arid climatic conditions of Russia without loss of yield and grain quality, which allows the crop to be cultivated in many regions of the Russian Federation. However, the increase in the area of sowing is restrained by insufficient attention of production workers to the requirements of agricultural technology, biological features of culture. Sorghum has a complex of protective properties in relation to diseases, pests and unfavorable conditions: the presence of wax plaque, the content of alkaloids, silica and other substances that provide a high degree of resistance of this culture. Permanent sowing on the same areas leads to the accumulation of a large number of pathogens. Obtaining healthy seed material is one of the main agronomic requirements in ensuring high and stable yields. In this regard, the dependence of the initial growth indicators on the germination of sorghum seeds exposed to pathogens has been analyzed. The degree of damage to sorghum plants by smut diseases has been revealed. Keywords: SORGHUM, FUNGAL DISEASES, SEEDS, PATHOGEN, INFECTION
During the research period, morphological characteristics were measured in grain sorghum varieties of the FGBNU RosNIISK "Rossorgo" selection in order to identify the effect of chelated microfertilizers. The complex of agronomic features included the following indicators of grain sorghum productivity: plant height, length of the flag and largest leaf, biomass yield. According to the results of the research, the influence of chelated microfertilizers on the morphological characteristics of grain sorghum cultivated in the Saratov Volga region was revealed. Leaf treatment of vegetative grain sorghum plants had a significant effect on the height of grain sorghum plants from 3.3 to 5.2%, and also contributed to a significant increase in biomass by 17.3-27.6%. Keywords: GRAIN SORGO, BIOMASS YIELD, PLANT HEIGHT, FLAG AND LARGE LEAF LENGTH, MICROFERTILIZERS, MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES, VARIETY
The effect of chelated fertilizers that produced by the NPO "Power of Life" on the productivity of the main vegetable crops was studied in field experiments on irrigated terraced dark chestnut soils of the Saratov Zavolzhye (Trans-Volga region). It was established that the yield of the vegetable crops under study increases with the use of fertilizers based on humic acids. The increase in yield due to reasil micro hydro mix was: 35.8% of cucumber, 28.3% of red beet roots, 22.6% of tomato, 20.9% of late white cabbage, 9.1% of onion, 6.8% of carrot roots. The reasil micro hydro mix was more effective than potassium-sodium humate with trace elements, for all the studied vegetable crops under study. The average increase in productivity was 20.6% versus 16.0%. The effect of chelated microfertilizers on the yield of vegetable crops was ambiguous. A significant reliable increase in yield due to all the studied chelated microfertilizers, used both together with reasil micro hydro mix, and together with potassium-sodium humate with trace elements, was established only when growing onions. An additional increase in the yield of red beet roots 4.42 t / ha was obtained only when treated with reasil humic N on the background of potassium-sodium humate with trace elements. An additional increase in the yield of late white cabbage was 9.23 and 8.15 t / ha when treated with reasil Mg, respectively, against the background of reasil micro hydro mix and potassium-sodium humate with trace elements. On tomatoes, chelated microfertilizers were effective only against the background of potassium-sodium humate with trace elements. Cucumber responded positively to all chelated microfertilizers on the background of potassium-sodium humate with trace elements, as well as to reasil humic N and reasil Ca/Mg/B on the background of reasil micro hydro mix. On carrots, a significant increase in yield was obtained when treated with reasil Ca, reasil Ca/ Mg/ B and reasil humic N against the background of reasil micro hydro mix.
The article presents the results of calculating factor loads for 2015-2018 obtained by the method of principal components of grain sorghum varieties. Field studies were laid and carried out in the fields of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution RosNIISK Rossorgo. The objects of the study were grain sorghum plants of the Institute's selection, as well as samples presented by the VIR world collection. 25 economically valuable indicators in 32 samples were analyzed. The main role in selection of indicators for inclusion in the correlation model is assigned to the expert approach in assessing breeding material. Effective and combinational groupings of correlation coefficients by hypothetical factors are very important tools in solving the issue of selecting indicators in a correlation model of interrelationships of selectively valuable indicators of various plant populations. Grouping the correlation coefficients makes it possible to assess the general nature of the interaction of the indicators included in the experimental data matrix. Calculations of the loads on hypothetical factors in the experiment made it possible to identify factors whose contribution to the accumulated variance is more than 5 %.
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