RESUMENLas medidas de la salud y la calidad de vida implementadas a nivel sanitario en el mundo entero han llevado al desarrollo de investigaciones científicas dirigidas a analizar, interpretar y determinar cuál es el perfil epidemiológico, factores y causas de riesgo que inciden para que determinadas patologías se conviertan en un problema de salud pública y su prevalencia aumente cada día más. Ahora bien, ante esta posibilidad de mesurar la salud es especialmente importante en la evaluación de las causas y consecuencias de enfermedades como el VIH, el cual representa uno de los males de salud, de mayor incidencia a nivel mundial. En razón de esto, se establece la importancia del presente estudio el cual tiene como propósito analizar el perfil epidemiológico del VIH en Latinoamérica. En función al problema planteado, se incorpora el tipo de investigación desde una óptica científica, la cual goza de carácter documental, por cuanto trata el estudio de un problema médico como lo es el VIH, con el fin de ampliar y profundizar el conocimiento de su naturaleza, con apoyo, principalmente, en trabajos previos, información y datos divulgados por medios impresos, audiovisuales o electrónicos. Como técnica de recolección de datos fue utilizada la revisión bibliográfica, la cual estuvo orientada a profundizar aspectos teóricos y puntualizar estudios similares, lo que confiere confiabilidad al tema tratado.Luego, se procedió a la lectura del material seleccionado, utilizando la técnica del subrayado de ideas principales y secundarias, complementándose éstas con el almacenamiento de la información procesada, a través de fichas de contenido textual y de resumen.
The present study aims to analyze the surgical techniques, indicators and results of dacryocystorhinostomy (MCI), endoscopic. This pathology is characterized by affecting more frequently women with a ratio of 41 and predominates in patients older than 50 years. For this, an exhaustive review of the literature associated with this variable was carried out, among which found researches were developed by authors who described the medical procedures associated with this technique, including in it, its indicators and results. The nature of this article is supported by a documentary type study. For the collection of data, the summary, the worksheet and bibliographic records were used, strategies that allowed to give meaning and informative validity to the medical theme addressed. Through its development it was established that the dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the surgical procedure indicated to resolve obstructions of the lacrimal sac and duct (CLN) in the adult. The purpose of this surgery is to create a direct communication between the lacrimal sac and the nasal fossa. In the ophthalmological literature, the classic external technique is considered the technique of choice in the treatment of lacrimal obstruction, since it has always obtained the best results in success rates; however, in recent years, studies on endonasal and transcanalicular techniques with diode laser have been published, which give a new perspective on its efficacy. Its surgical indication must be established by the ophthalmologist, while the rhinological examination and the imaging tests (especially the computed dacryography [dacrio-CT]), are responsible for specifying what the surgical modalities will be; Of course, it is without disregarding the three surgical foundations of the classic DCR, which must be respected in order for the intervention to be effective.
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