Systematization of scientific research and their elements imply that the purpose of scientific research is comprehensive study of an object, process or the phenomenon, their structure, communications and relations on the basis of newly discovered or known to science principles and methods of knowledge and also obtaining and implementation in practice of a construction reorganization new methods of the organization of a labor activity and its elements corresponding to these results. The feasibility and necessity of modeling technogenic impacts as an important element of managing the construction reorganization of objects in order to ensure the competitiveness of the proposed organizational and technological solutions are caused by a variety of reasons. The concepts and definitions related to the field of modeling of technogenic impacts are not well-established. Therefore, there are different options of the definition of the same concept. The models of technogenic impacts are considered as diagnostic if the study and use of them allow obtaining information on the causes of the identified problems. Using such diagnostic models, time series of predicted retrospective values of parameters of technogenic impacts are built. Visual displays of such time series (infographic models) are known as “trends”.
The article discusses the VisSim program, which allows simulating microwave grain drying process. Its capabilities and methods of development are shown, the structure of a mathematical model for management of the drying process and individual blocks is provided. It is noted that offered modeling of the grain drying process makes it possible to evaluate it as a technological process, as well as to show the possibility of its optimization. It should be noted that this method is environmentally friendly and less energy intensive than others.
The provisions of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics are widely used in the design of transport facilities, the organization of construction and operation of roads. This is because traditional deterministic calculations often lead to errors or miscalculations due to the probabilistic nature of the geometric and strength characteristics of pavement layers, structures, building materials. The elastic moduli of the subgrade, the subbase, the base, and the pavement may deviate from the values taken in deterministic calculations by 10–20% upward or downward. In the production process, it is impossible to precisely maintain the thickness of the structural layer, which is reflected in the acceptance rules for finished layers (deviations from the design thickness of up to 10% are allowed). These deviations may constitute an unfavourable combination reducing the strength of the structure and reliability of the road as a whole.
The paper considers the possibility of studying the potential for the effectiveness of the economic and visual model and reducing operating costs in the development of construction facilities. Methods of visual modelling are presented, which make it possible to effectively implement construction organization projects. The economic and visual model contributes to the formation of the element base of rational economic, organizational and technological solutions. The following methods were used: system analysis, logical-mathematical modelling, systems theory, economic and visual modelling, research methods of operations, economic and mathematical methods. The modern experience of using the model has been studied. On the basis of an analytical review regarding economic and visual modelling, the works of domestic and foreign authors are studied. The element base of the optimal solution of organizational and technological processes is formed on the basis of the information model (BIM). The conducted analytical review of the study of materials on the practical application of the economic and visual model on the territory of the Russian Federation based on the results of the theoretical study confirms that there is no alternative to improving the formation of new information systems for modelling the organization of
In the modern world, the issues of solid municipal waste disposal, as part of the problem of environmental protection, are quite acute These problems are relevant for Russia and for many other world powers. The Russian Federation is one of the most polluted countries in the world, which negatively affects the quality of life and the health of the population of its regions. The annual increase in the volume of municipal solid waste is part of the man-made impact of man on the natural environment. To make strategic decisions on this issue, it is necessary to understand the policy of MSW management, so the authors in the article consider the values of tariffs for MSW management in one of the major regions of Russia - the Vologda Region. The data of tariffs of the Vologda region approved for 2021 are given. The structure of the average tariffs of the Russian Federation and the Vologda Region is analyzed. On the basis of regional regulations, a sample of data on the costs of disposal and transportation of MSW for some districts of the Vologda region is given: Velikoustugski, Totemski, Mezhdurechensky, Babushkinsky area, Belozersky districts. The average values of tariffs for the treatment of MSW for Russia and other countries are given: the USA, Canada, Germany, France and Finland. In addition to tariffs, the authors conducted a study on the distribution of MSW by type of disposal: disposal, incineration and recycling The article discusses the values of tariffs for the treatment of solid municipal waste and their disposal. In conclusion, the authors express concern about insufficient funds for innovations in the field of MSW processing/ recycling.
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