Biological soil attributes in oilseed crops irrigated with oilfield produced water in the semi-arid region 1 Atributos biológicos do solo cultivado com oleaginosas irrigadas com água produzida do petróleo em região semiárida ABSTRACT -Wastewater from oil is the main residue of the oil industry. Studies have shown that wastewater, or produced water, can be treated and used as an alternative source for the irrigation of oilseed crops. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of treated produced water on the biological properties of soil cultivated with the castor bean cv. BRS Energy and the sunflower cv. BRS 321 respectively, for two and three successive cycles of grain production. The first cycle in the sunflower and castor bean corresponds to the dry season and the second cycle to the rainy season. The third crop cycle in the sunflower relates to the dry season. The research was carried out from August 2012 to October 2013, in the town of Aracati, in the State of Ceará (Brazil), where both crops were submitted to irrigation with filtered produced water (FPW), produced water treated by reverse osmosis (OPW), or groundwater water from the Açu aquifer (ACW), and to no irrigation (RFD). The treatments, with three replications, were evaluated during the periods of pre-cultivation and plant reproduction for soil respiration (Rs), total organic carbon (TOC) and the population density of bacteria (Bact) and filamentous fungi (Fung) in the soil. In the sunflower crop, these soil attributes are sensitive to the irrigation water used. Irrigation of the castor bean affects soil respiration. Under the conditions of this study, irrigation with FPW may be a short-term alternative in the castor bean and sunflower crops. Key words:Wastewater from the oil industry. Microbiological properties of the soil. Soil basal respiration.RESUMO -A água residual do petróleo é o principal resíduo na indústria petrolífera. Estudos indicaram que água residuária ou água produzida pode ser tratada e usada como fonte alternativa na irrigação de culturas de oleaginosas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da água produzida tratada sobre atributos biológicos do solo cultivado com mamona cv. BRS Energia, e girassol cv. BRS 321, respectivamente, por dois e três ciclos sucessivos de produção de grãos. O primeiro ciclo de girassol e mamona corresponde à época seca e o segundo, à época chuvosa. O terceiro ciclo de cultivo de girassol se refere à época seca. A pesquisa foi conduzida durante o período de agosto de 2012 a outubro de 2013, no município de Aracati, Ceará (Brasil), onde ambas as culturas foram submetidas à irrigação com água produzida filtrada (APF), água produzida tratada por osmose reversa (APO), água do aquífero Açu (ACA) e sem irrigação (SEQ). Os tratamentos com três repetições foram avaliados em períodos de pré-cultivo, de reprodução das plantas, pela respiração edáfica (Re), carbono orgânico total (COT) e densidade populacional de bactérias (Bact) e fungos filamentosos (Fung) do solo. Esses atributos do solo são sensíveis ...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diversity of herbaceous plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi following the cultivation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., cv. BRS 321) irrigated with produced water. The sunflower plants were irrigated during three successive cycles with different types of water: produced water obtained through simple filtration (PWSF), and secondly, produced water treated by reverse osmosis (PWRO), and the control with groundwater from the aquifer Açu (WCA). In June 2014, five months after the final harvest, the treatments were evaluated in terms of the diversity of successor plants and their roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM); and samples of soil, in which the following were measured: the spore abundance of AM fungi, the levels of glomalin in easily extracted glomalin and total glomalin. Of a total of eighteen species of herbaceous plants which were identified in the experimental field, Dactyloctenium aegyptium was related with the use of PWSF, Panicum sp. and Diodella apiculata with the use of PWRO, and Trianthema portulacastrum and Eragrostis tenella with the control WCA. The diversity of AM fungi was affected by irrigation with PWSF, in which two species of Acaulospora, one species of Gigaspora and species of Paraglomus were absent, compared to the treatment with PWRO. Acaulospora sp.1 was related with the WCA control as an indicator species. The use of produced water which had undergone reverse osmosis had a shortterm effect on the content of glomalin which is easily extractable from the soil but did not change the mycorrhization rates of plants. These results enable us to infer that irrigation with produced water leads to a reduction in the diversity of herbaceous plants and of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, confirming the importance of monitoring agro-systems irrigated with residual water.
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