The objective of the present study was to investigate values of hematological parameters in Bosnian mountain horses. Eleven hematological measurements were performed on 30 clinically healthy adult horses of mixed age and both genders. Blood samples were obtained by jugular vein puncture (vena jugularis externa) in vacuum tubes with EDTA and determined using an automated analyzer IDEXX QBC VET AutoRead. Mean value of HB was higher than recommended reference intervals for adult horses in general while mean values of MONO and EOS counts were slightly above reference intervals for adult "warm-blooded" horses. The specific hematological values determined in Bosnian mountain horses may be related to the immune condition of investigated breed that is well adapted to environmental and climatic conditions and should be taken into consideration when dealing with this horse breed.
There are only a few reported cases of abdominal ectopic pregnancy and consequential foetal mummification in dogs. The majority of the described cases indicate that this condition may exist for a prolonged period of time without any manifestation of illness. Therefore, sudden signs of abdominal distension, abdominal pain, episodes of epileptiform seizures, dark diarrhoea and lethargy, as were observed in the present case, are not likely to be considered as symptoms of an abdominal ectopic pregnancy. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an eight-year long abdominal pregnancy in an ovariohysterectomised bitch. We present the clinical, laboratory, radiological and intraoperative findings, and the medical and surgical therapy for an abdominal ectopic pregnancy in a 14 year old Miniature Pinscher bitch, ovariohysterectomised eight years previously.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether milk consumption (MC) could be used as a simple farmer-friendly indicator for providing advanced treatment to limited fed diarrhoeic neonatal calves. Complementarily, it was evaluated whether the standard indications for veterinary care (severe dehydration and/or acidosis-septicaemia) are associated with different patterns in MC. The MC and health records of 103 calves with diarrhoeathat were fed a milk replacer at the volume of 10% of their body weight were used in the study. The MC reduction rate (MCRR) was calculated after each feeding (MC<sub>t</sub>) during the diarrhoea course, based on the MC prior to the diarrhoea onset for each calf (MC<sub>0</sub>) using the formula MCRR = 100 × (MC<sub>0</sub> − MC<sub>t</sub>)/MC<sub>0</sub>. The calves were assigned into the ST group (n = 58) if they only received the standard treatment (oral rehydration solutions between milk feedings) until recovery, and into the advanced treatment (VT) group (n = 45) if they needed advanced treatment (i.v. fluids ± antibiotics) directly or after the standard treatment. The calves in the VT group that only had dehydration, were further assigned into the DH subgroup (n = 22) and those with signs of acidosis-septicaemia with or without dehydration were assigned into the ASD subgroup (n = 23). The MC was practically stable in the ST group throughout the diarrhoea course. In the VT group, the MC was significantly reduced during the last 36 hours prior to the advanced treatment administration. This reduction was significantly higher in the ASD subgroup than the DH subgroup. The MCRR on the last meal prior to treatment administration was proven to be a very reliable indicator for the detection of diarrhoeic calves needing advanced treatment (cut-off: ≥ 24.5%; sensitivity: 95.6%; specificity: 98.7%) and of those with acidosis-septicaemia (cut-off: ≥ 29.6%; sensitivity: 91.7%; specificity: 99.1%). The results of the study show thatfarmers employing this feeding regimen should seek veterinary assistance when the milk consumption of calves is reduced by ≥ 24.5%.
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