Résumé L’objet de cet article est de proposer, à partir d’un panorama historiographique, une interprétation de la place de l’histoire dans les études sur les réseaux urbains d’infrastructures. C’est en effet largement par l’histoire que les études sur les réseaux se sont ouvertes aux sciences sociales, avec aussi bien la prise en compte du contexte politique et institutionnel de la décision que la mise en valeur des facteurs d’inertie liés au développement des infrastructures. La méthode historique, conjuguée à la prise en compte du facteur temps, a de plus permis d’élargir la palette typologique de notre perception des modalités de gestion et de financement des réseaux. Mais l’histoire, singulièrement, a également constitué parfois une limite dans la lecture des sociétés urbaines réticulées, entre réification de tel ou tel facteur et impasses de la voie institutionnelle. Le but de cet article est donc aussi de tenter de dessiner certaines pistes d’approfondissement possible de l’apport de la méthode historique aux études sur les réseaux. Histoire de l’économie politique urbaine des réseaux, histoire de la gouvernance des systèmes techniques, micro-histoire de la décision, spatialisation des conflits institutionnels, telles sont quelques unes de ces pistes.
International audienceHousing policies have been at the very core of the national ideology of Singapore since the time of independence in 1965. The task of providing a flat to citizens and permanent residents thanks to the efforts of a public institution has not only been one of pragmatic realism, or an aspect of the application of economic theories pertaining to the sphere of developmentalism, it also constituted a central feature in the collective project of a City-State in which social engineering was conceived as a global duty of the ruling party and comprised various aspects of the organization of everyday life, from urban planning to housing or from education to leisure and civic engagement. With about 80% of the population (5.5 million inhabitants in 2015) housed in flats built by the Housing and Development Board ( HDB), Singapore remains in 2015, in spite of the recent diversification of the housing market, one of the cities in the world in which the share of population housed in publicly built estates is the highest. 95% of the inhabitants of Singapore that are housed in such HDB flats, though, own them on a 99-year lease agreement. In the stronghold of capitalism in South-East Asia, social housing was conceived, since the time of independence, as a way to reinforce private property and the familial values that are attached to it. The object of the present paper is to analyze the evolution of this ideology of social housing in Singapore from the moment of the invention of the HDB as an instrument of national development and social balance to the period of the necessary adaptation of this heritage to the new needs that emerged twenty years after independence and up to more recent challenges posed by the concurrence of alternative models and social imaginaries of housing, such as those embodied by condominiums
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