Pergerakan tanah (gempa) merupakan salah satu beban yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada struktur. Sementara itu di Indonesia merupakan daerah rawan gempa sehingga menuntut perlunya pertimbangan untuk membangun struktur bangunan yang tahan dan adaptif terhadap beban gempa. Oleh sebab itu, evaluasi total kinerja struktur bangunan sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Redaman adalah fenomena yang ada dalam setiap struktur, fenomena tersebut dapat mengurangi getaran yang disebabkan oleh kekuatan eksternal untuk diterapkan sistem struktur. Berbagai jenis peredam telah dikenal dewasa ini, salah satunya adalah Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) dimana sistem ini menerapkan konsep kontrol pada struktur. Tuned mass damper (TMD) telah banyak digunakan untuk mengendalikan getaran dalam sistem teknik mesin. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir teori TMD telah diadopsi untuk mengurangi getaran pada gedung-gedung tinggi dan struktur teknik sipil lainnya. Peredam dinamis dan tuned mass damper adalah realisasi dari untuk aplikasi mengontrol getaran struktur. Unsur-unsur inersia, daktail dalam perangkat tersebut adalah: massa, pegas dan dashpot (atau redaman material). Konfigurasi lain seperti pendulum/peredam, dan peredam cair (liquid), juga telah digunakan untuk aplikasi pengurangan getaran. TMD melekat pada struktur untuk mengurangi respon dinamik dari struktur. Frekuensi damper diatur ke frekuensi struktural tertentu sehingga ketika frekuensi yang kuat, damper akan beresonansi dengan gerakan struktural. Massa biasanya melekat pada bangunan melalui sistem pegas - dashpot dan energi diuraikan oleh dashpot sebagai gerak relatif berkembang antara massa dan struktur. Konsep yang dipergunakan dalam algoritma genetika adalah mengikuti apa yang dilakukan oleh alam. Hasil optimasi pada aplikasi ini menunjukkan bahwa, optimasi TMD pada struktur bangunan menggunakan algoritma genetika dapat mengoptimalkan sifat peredam dengan efektif. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan bentuk struktur portal sederhana 2D dengan derajat kebebasan banyak (MDOF). Dengan optimasi menggunakan algoritma genetika kita dapat dengan mudah mencapai parameter yang akan kita inginkan, dengan mengoptimasi nilai kekakuan (kd) dan redaman (cd). Penggunaan TMD yang disimulasikan pada struktur yang mengalami gempa El Centro 1940, Northridge1994 dan Kobe 1995. Menunjukkan bahwa TMD yang digunakan mampu mengurangi atau meredam getaran-getaran dan perpindahan pada struktur. Kata kunci: optimasi, tuned mass damper, algoritma genetika, gempa.
Disclosure of the value of the main audit issues or also called Key Audit Matters (KAM) is determined from the quality of audit information, this study aims to provide an understanding of the main audit issues so as to obtain communicative value. The research was carried out with the publication of the Draft Auditing Standard Exposure (SA) regarding the adoption of ISA 701 containing on Communicating Main Audit Matters in the Independent Auditor's Report. This study examines whether ISA 701 issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board is able to influence the auditor's decision. Research also provides information related to what is the cause of the decrease in the communicative value of disclosing major audit issues. The results of the study indicate that there is support for the implementation of SA 701 which is planned in Indonesia because this is related to an increase in the communicative value of the auditor's report. The research will be useful in preparing for the implementation of SA 701 for auditors and report users in interpreting disclosures from KAM which will support the implementation of SA 701 in Indonesia.
Disclosure of the value of the main audit issues or also called Key Audit Matters (KAM) is determined from the quality of audit information. This study aims to provide an understanding of the main audit issues so as to obtain communicative value. The research was carried out with the publication of the Draft Auditing Standard Exposure (SA) regarding the adoption of ISA 701 containing on Communicating Main Audit Matters in the Independent Auditor's Report. This study examines whether ISA 701 issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board is able to influence the auditor's decision. Research also provides information related to what is the cause of the decrease in the communicative value of disclosing major audit issues. The results of the study indicate that there is support for the implementation of SA 701 which is planned in Indonesia because this is related to an increase in the communicative value of the auditor's report. The research will be useful in preparing for the implementation of SA 701 for auditors and report users in interpreting disclosures from KAM which will support the implementation of SA 701 in Indonesia.
In the era of the digital economy 4.0 competition in the world of technology and information is increasing, today companies are required to maintain human resources in order to decentralize and evaluate performance in a contiunity manner in order to make the right decisions. In the study, the goal is to analyze more deeply about decentralization in improving manjerial performance. Researchers use the literature review approach, which is a systematic, explicit and reproducible method to identify, evaluate and synthesize the work of research results and the results of thoughts that have been produced by researchers and practitioners. The review literature aims to make an analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge related to the topic to be studied in order to find a blank space for the research to be carried out. The data source used by the author is in the form of secondary data, where the researcher uses 4 articles obtained from the google scholar database. The results of this study suggest that decentralization is useful for making a positive contribution to management performance, this is because decentralization is a process of delegation of responsibilities and authorities starting from upper level management to lower level management. Decentralization has a very important role for management because it is able to be considered to be able to help management in the right and efficient decision-making process, so that managers have the initiative to take action to solve problems that arise so that the decision making can be done quickly and precisely.
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