Environmental regulation and economic development are consistent in the long run, but there are certain contradictions in the short term. Examining the characteristics of available environmental regulation tools and using them in a way that will align the interests of local governments and enterprises can improve environmental regulation and enhance green transformation and development. This study considers two general types of environmental regulation tools: negative punishment types and positive incentive types. Applying an intermediary effect model and the two-stage least squares method, a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2019 is used to test the impact of these different types of environmental regulation tools on the financial investment levels of entity enterprises. The mechanism through which these macro-environmental regulation tools function and the micro-enterprise heterogeneity factors that influence their impact are systematically studied. The results show that negative punishment type environmental regulation tools have a positive impact on the financial investment levels of entity enterprises, while positive incentive type environmental regulation tools inhibit financial investment levels. This impact is formed through managerial incentive mechanisms referred to as “whipping the fast ox” and “heavy rewards and light punishments.” Factors such as financing constraints, relocation costs, pollution levels, and enterprise scale have heterogeneous effects on these paths. Policy suggestions are offered based on the findings. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature by clarifying the channel through which environmental regulation influences micro-enterprise decision-making. It provides a theoretical basis and policy reference for local government officials as they address the conflict between economic growth and environmental protection in the short term. Moreover, the results offer long-term development decision-making ideas for shareholders and managers in the process of green transformation and upgrading of enterprises.
In order to improve the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of mineral resource sustainability and enhance its scientific and objective nature, in this paper, a cloud model-based risk assessment method is introduced to determine the sustainability of mineral resources in a comprehensive comparison, while using a combination of subjective and objective weighting method combining improved hierarchical analysis and the entropy weighting method. Compared with the previous single-assignment evaluation method, the method used in this paper has the advantages of more reasonable determination of weights, more accurate results and better visualization. On this basis, the combined weight method, cloud model method and hierarchical fuzzy evaluation method are organically combined to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of mineral resources in Henan Province. The case analysis shows that the comprehensive evaluation results of the sustainability of mineral resources obtained according to the method are scientifically reasonable and have important reference value and promotion significance for quantitative research in related fields.
Coal pillars left in coal mines are often subjected to long-term submersion by groundwater and chemical solutions and are susceptible to deterioration and even destabilization damage under dynamic load disturbance. In order to investigate the effects of acidic environment on dynamic mechanical properties and porosity evolution characteristics of coal, a split Hopkinson bar (SHPB) was used to test the dynamic compressive strength and tensile strength of coal samples under different acid environment. The results showed that the sample density gradually decreased with the increase of the number of wet and dry cycles, but the decrease was significantly related to the pH value. Longitudinal wave velocity of coal sample decreases gradually with the increase of drying and wetting cycles, and the decreasing speed is first fast and then slow. The stronger the acidity of the solution, the more times the dry-wet cycle, and the higher the water absorption of the sample. In the early stage of dry-wet cycle, the coal is significantly affected, and the average deterioration degree is large. After that, the influence of cyclic action is reduced, and the average degradation degree is small. Porosity of coal increases continuously under the action of dry-wet cycle. The stronger the acidity, the greater the change in initial porosity. In the 20th cycle, the porosity of the acidic environment increases significantly at once and then decreases continuously.
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