Biodegradable transient devices represent an emerging type of electronics that could play an essential role in medical therapeutic/diagnostic processes, such as wound healing and tissue regeneration. The associated biodegradable power sources, however, remain as a major challenge toward future clinical applications, as the demonstrated electrical stimulation and sensing functions are limited by wired external power or wireless energy harvesters via near-field coupling. Here, materials' strategies and fabrication schemes that enable a high-performance fully biodegradable magnesium-molybdenum trioxide battery as an alternative approach for an in vivo on-board power supply are reported. The battery can deliver a stable high output voltage as well as prolonged lifetime that could satisfy requirements of representative implantable electronics. The battery is fully biodegradable and demonstrates desirable biocompatibility. The battery system provides a promising solution to advanced energy harvesters for self-powered transient bioresorbable implants as well as eco-friendly electronics.
Background: Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop a more severe condition compared to those without diabetes, the mechanisms for this are unknown. Moreover, the impact of treatment with antihyperglycemic drugs and glucocorticoids is unclear. Methods: From 1584 COVID-19 patients, 364 severe/critical COVID-19 patients with clinical outcome were enrolled for the final analysis, and patients without preexisting T2DM but elevated glucose levels were excluded. Epidemiological data were obtained and clinical status evaluation carried out to assess the impact of T2DM and its management on clinical outcomes. Results: Of 364 enrolled severe COVID-19 inpatients, 114 (31.3%) had a history of T2DM. Twenty-seven (23.7%) T2DM patients died, who had more severe inflammation, coagulation activation, myocardia injury, hepatic injury, and kidney injury compared with non-DM patients. In severe COVID-19 patients with T2DM, we demonstrated a higher risk of all-cause fatality with glucocorticoid treatment (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.61; 95% CI, 1.14-11.46; P = .029) and severe hyperglycemia (fasting plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L; adjusted HR, 11.86; 95% CI, 1.21-116.44; P = .034). Conclusions: T2DM status aggravated the clinical condition of COVID-19 patients and increased their critical illness risk. Poor fasting blood glucose (≥ 11.1 mmol/L) and glucocorticoid treatment are associated with poor prognosis for T2DM patients with severe COVID-19. K E Y W O R D S antihyperglycemic drugs, clinical status, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), glucocorticoid, type 2 diabetes Highlights • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection had more severe inflammation, coagulation Solomon Tesfaye, Qingtao Meng, and Ling Gao contributed equally to this paper.
This paper proposed the design of a low-noise, low total harmonic distortion (THD) chopper amplifier for neural signal acquisition. A dc servo loop (DSL) based on active Gm-C integrator is proposed to reject the electrode-dcoffset (EDO). Architecture of a complementary input very lowtransconductance (VLT) operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) was proposed and integrated in the active Gm-C integrator to improve the linearity as well as to reduce the noise, featuring a transconductance ranging from 45 pS to a few nS. The proposed amplifier was fabricated in a TSMC 0.18-µm CMOS process, occupying an area of 0.2 mm 2 , featuring a power consumption of 3.24 µW/channel under a 1.8-V supply voltage. The THD for a 5-mV pp input is lower than −61 dB. An input-referred thermal noise power spectral density (PSD) of 39 nV/ √ Hz is measured. The measured input-referred noise is 0.65 µV rms in the 0.3-200-Hz frequency band and 2.14 µV rms in the 200-Hz-5-kHz frequency band, respectively, leading to a noise-efficiency factor of 2.37 (0.3-200 Hz) and 1.56 (0.2 k-5 kHz). In addition, the high-pass corner frequency can be precisely configured and linearly adjusted with the external bias current from 0.35 to 54.5 Hz.
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