Abstract-Following the intuition that the naturally occurring face data may be generated by sampling a probability distribution that has support on or near a submanifold of ambient space, we propose an appearancebased face recognition method, called orthogonal Laplacianface. Our algorithm is based on the locality preserving projection (LPP) algorithm, which aims at finding a linear approximation to the eigenfunctions of the Laplace Beltrami operator on the face manifold. However, LPP is nonorthogonal, and this makes it difficult to reconstruct the data. The orthogonal locality preserving projection (OLPP) method produces orthogonal basis functions and can have more locality preserving power than LPP. Since the locality preserving power is potentially related to the discriminating power, the OLPP is expected to have more discriminating power than LPP. Experimental results on three face databases demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.Index Terms-Appearance-based vision, face recognition, locality preserving projection (LPP), orthogonal locality preserving projection (OLPP).

Subspace learning based face recognition methods have attracted considerable interests in recent years, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Locality Preserving Projection (LPP), Neighborhood Preserving Embedding (NPE) and MarginalFisher Analysis (MFA). However, a disadvantage of all these approaches is that their computations involve eigendecomposition of dense matrices which is expensive in both time and memory. In this paper, we propose a novel dimensionality reduction framework, called Spectral Regression (SR), for efficient regularized subspace learning. SR casts the problem of learning the projective functions into a regression framework, which avoids eigen-decomposition of dense matrices. Also, with the regression based framework, different kinds of regularizers can be naturally incorporated into our algorithm which makes it more flexible. Computational analysis shows that SR has only linear-time complexity which is a huge speed up comparing to the cubic-time complexity of the ordinary approaches. Experimental results on face recognition demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method.

The dominant graph-to-sequence transduction models employ graph neural networks for graph representation learning, where the structural information is reflected by the receptive field of neurons. Unlike graph neural networks that restrict the information exchange between immediate neighborhood, we propose a new model, known as Graph Transformer, that uses explicit relation encoding and allows direct communication between two distant nodes. It provides a more efficient way for global graph structure modeling. Experiments on the applications of text generation from Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) and syntax-based neural machine translation show the superiority of our proposed model. Specifically, our model achieves 27.4 BLEU on LDC2015E86 and 29.7 BLEU on LDC2017T10 for AMR-to-text generation, outperforming the state-of-the-art results by up to 2.2 points. On the syntax-based translation tasks, our model establishes new single-model state-of-the-art BLEU scores, 21.3 for English-to-German and 14.1 for English-to-Czech, improving over the existing best results, including ensembles, by over 1 BLEU.

Most previous approaches to Chinese word segmentation formalize this problem as a character-based sequence labeling task so that only contextual information within fixed sized local windows and simple interactions between adjacent tags can be captured. In this paper, we propose a novel neural framework which thoroughly eliminates context windows and can utilize complete segmentation history. Our model employs a gated combination neural network over characters to produce distributed representations of word candidates, which are then given to a long shortterm memory (LSTM) language scoring model. Experiments on the benchmark datasets show that without the help of feature engineering as most existing approaches, our models achieve competitive or better performances with previous stateof-the-art methods.

Recently the problem of dimensionality reduction (or, subspace learning)