The aim of this study was to compare the intra and inter genetic variability and population structure of 7 indigenous chicken breeds of the Veneto region, through a novel panel of 64 SNP, each located in an exonic region and mostly on different chromosomes. A total of 753 blood samples from 7 local chicken breeds (Ermellinata di Rovigo, Millefiori di Lonigo, Polverara, Pepòi, Robusta Lionata, Robusta Maculata, and Padovana) was collected and analyzed. Two strains of Polverara (Nera and Bianca) and Padovana (Dorata and Camosciata) were included in the study. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.124 (Pèpoi) to 0.244 (Ermellinata di Rovigo), and the expected heterozygosity varied from 0.132 (Millefiori di Lonigo) to 0.300 (Ermellinata di Rovigo). Global FIS results (0.114) indicated a low-medium inbreeding effect, with values ranging from 0.008 (Millefiori di Lonigo) to 0.223 (Ermellinata di Rovigo). Pairwise FST values (0.167) for all populations ranged from 0.020 (Polverara Nera and Polverara Bianca) to 0.193 (Robusta Lionata and Polverara Nera), indicating that the studied breeds were genetically highly differentiated. The software STRUCTURE was used to detect the presence of population substructures, and the most probable number of clusters (K) of the 10 chicken populations was at K = 8. The affiliation was successful in all Veneto chicken breeds. The present SNP marker results, compared with previous data obtained using microsatellites, provided a reliable estimate of genetic diversity within and between the studied breeds, and demonstrated the utility of the proposed panel as a rapid, efficient, and cost-effective tool for periodical monitoring of the genetic variability among poultry populations. In addition, the present SNP panel could represent a resource for a systematic approach with relevant impact on breeding program decisions and could turn out to be a reliable tool for genetic traceability of indigenous chicken meat. Adoption of a periodical monitoring system of genetic diversity is a fundamental tool in conservation actions and should increase the value of typical and niche products.
The aim of this study was to characterise the genetic diversity, genetic relationship and population structure within local Turkish Denizli chicken subpopulations in rural areas using 19 microsatellite markers. To assess the uniqueness and relations of the Denizli subpopulations we used six local Italian chicken breeds' samples, which were genotyped in the same laboratory with the same molecular markers. In total, 105 alleles were found across 19 microsatellite loci with a mean number of 5.53 alleles per locus. Considering all subpopulations and loci, genetic differentiation based on global F ST was 0.030 (p < .01). Global F IS values (0.200) indicated that non-random mating occurred in all subpopulations of Denizli fowl and all subpopulations deviated significantly (p < .01) from HWE. Over all subpopulations, the mean observed heterozygosity was 0.473, ranging from 0.399 to 0.562. Genetic differentiations between pairs of subpopulations based on the proportion of shared alleles ranged 0.140-0.297. The neighbour-net tree, based on marker estimated kinship distances, separated Denizli subpopulations and Italian breeds into two main clusters. The most likely number of different populations was estimated using the clustering procedure implemented in STRUCTURE. Structure analysis showed a clear separation of the Denizli fowl subpopulations from the Italian populations. A second step sub-clustering allowed discriminating among the six subpopulations of Denizli breed. The results of this study can be used as baseline genetic information to place breeders' flocks in conservation programmes, controlling inbreeding and safeguarding the genetic variability of the populations.
Bu araştırma, uzun yıllardır ülkemiz şartlarına başarı ile uyum sağlamış İspenç genotipine ait horoz ve tavuklarda bazı morfolojik standartları belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada İspenç genotipine ait 105 horoz ve 146 tavukta 27 farklı morfolojik parametre incelenmiş ve örneklemeler Ankara, İzmir ve Antalya illerinde yetiştirilen farklı yaş dönemlerindeki farklı İspenç popülasyonlarında yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre İspenç genotipinde vücut deri rengi beyaz olarak saptanmış ve tüm hayvanlarda yanak ve sakal tüyleri gözlenmiştir. İspenç genotipinin her iki cinsiyetinde de ayak bileklerinde paça tüyleri saptanmış ve her ayakta 5 adet parmak oluşumu gözlenmiştir. İspenç horoz ve tavuklarında ortalama canlı ağırlık sırasıyla 0.733 ve 0.582 kg, vücut uzunluğu 41.85 ve 35.59 cm, açık kanat uzunluğu 50.04 ve 54.46, sırt uzunluğu 11.58 ve 10.98 cm, göğüs genişliği 61.42 ve 55.32 mm ve boyun uzunluğu 71.71 ve 69.17 mm olarak saptanmıştır. Horozlarda yaş dönemi ile birlikte kafatası uzunluğu (P<0.05), kafatası genişliği (P<0.05), ibik uzunluğu (P<0.001), ibik genişliği (P<0.001) ve oküler genişlik (P<0.05) değerleri önemli düzeyde artarken, tavuklarda yaş dönemi ile birlikte kafatası uzunluğu (P<0.05), ibik uzunluğu (P<0.001), ibik genişliği (P<0.001) ve oküler uzunluk (P<0.05) değerlerindeki artış önemli bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak bu araştırma İspenç genotipi üzerinde yapılan ilk çalışma niteliğindedir. Araştırma bulgularının İspenç genotipinin yerli tavuk ırkı olarak tescil edilme sürecine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
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