RESUMOInsulinoterapia, atividade física regular e planejamento alimentar, em conjunto, consistem na abordagem mais completa no tratamento de portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). Estudos clínicos e experimentais têm evidenciado os benefícios do treinamento físico em indivíduos com DM1, tais como melhora na sensibilidade à insulina, redução das doses de insulina e atenuação das disfunções autonômicas e cardiovasculares. Essa revisão aborda as adaptações fisiológicas ao treinamento físico no indivíduo com DM1 e discute as recomendações e prescrição de atividade física para esta população.

Stellate ganglion (SG) represents the main sympathetic input to the heart. This study aimed at investigating physical exercise-related changes in the quantitative aspects of SG neurons in treadmill-exercised Wistar rats. By applying state-of-the-art design-based stereology, the SG volume, total number of SG neurons, mean perikaryal volume of SG neurons, and the total volume of neurons in the whole SG have been examined. Arterial pressure and heart rate were also measured at the end of the exercise period. The present study showed that a low-intensity exercise training program caused a 12% decrease in the heart rate of trained rats. In contrast, there were no effects on systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, or mean arterial pressure. As to quantitative changes related to physical exercise, the main findings were a 21% increase in the fractional volume occupied by neurons in the SG, and an 83% increase in the mean perikaryal volume of SG neurons in treadmill-trained rats, which shows a remarkable neuron hypertrophy. It seems reasonable to infer that neuron hypertrophy may have been the result of a functional overload imposed on the SG neurons by initial posttraining sympathetic activation. From the novel stereological data we provide, further investigations are needed to shed light on the mechanistic aspect of neuron hypertrophy: what role does neuron hypertrophy play? Could neuron hypertrophy be assigned to the functional overload induced by physical exercise?

Objectives: to correlate the levels of job satisfaction (JS) and quality of life (QOL) of public maternity workers. Methods: quantitative and correlational cross-sectional study. Sample composed of 199 state public servants, of both genders, of different age groups and professions, working at the Women's Hospital Mother Luzia (WHML), in Macapá (AP). Three questionnaires were used: Sociodemographic, Job Satisfaction S20/23 and WHOQOL-Brief. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson correlation and analysis of variance, with statistical significance at 5%. Results: most of the sample consisted of women (84.2%), aged between 30 and 39 years (40.7%), with a partner (64.3%), practicing physical activity (50.8%). With university education, (61.8%), income up to four minimum wages (53.3%), worked in two or more jobs (53.7%); and weekly workload of up to 30 hours (79.4%). They reported job dissatisfaction (75.4%). The average overall QOL was 65.62 (± 12.45). JS was associated with QOL (p<0.001) and number of jobs (p = 0.019). QOL was associated with male gender (p= 0.022), income (p= 0.004), ST (p <0.001), physical activity (p= 0.067) and workload (p= 0.011). The correlations between JS and QOL were all significant. Conclusions: the quality of life of WHML workers was directly and progressively associated with job satisfaction, which meant that higher levels of job satisfaction favored the quality of life.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of an acute aerobic exercise on arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 8) and diabetic (n = 8) groups. AP, HR, and BRS, which were measured by tachycardic and bradycardic (BR) responses to AP changes, were evaluated at rest (R) and postexercise session (PE) on a treadmill. At rest, STZ diabetes induced AP and HR reductions, associated with BR impairment. Attenuation in resting diabetes-induced AP (R: 103 ± 2 versus PE: 111 ± 3 mmHg) and HR (R: 290 ± 7 versus PE: 328 ± 10 bpm) reductions and BR dysfunction (R: −0.70 ± 0.06 versus PE: −1.21 ± 0.09 bpm/mmHg) was observed in the postexercise period. In conclusion, the hemodynamic and arterial baro-mediated control of circulation improvement in the postexercise period reinforces the role of exercise in the management of cardiovascular risk in diabetes.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of frailty syndrome in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 30 elderly of both genders, aged 60-79 years, and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research instruments were validated for Portuguese, included sociodemographic and clinical variables, and criteria for frailty syndrome. The elderly were divided into frail, pre-frail and non-frail. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The prevalence of frailty was 56.7%. The associated factors were the following: female gender (70.6%); widowed (69.2%); white color (58.8%); not working (69.2%); and time since diagnosis of 25-48 months (47.1%). Conclusion:The associated factors such as sociodemographic, economic and time since diagnosis did not affect the prevalence of frailty syndrome in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ResumoObjetivo: Conhecer a prevalência da síndrome da fragilidade e fatores associados em idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu 30 idosos, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 60 a 79 anos e diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Os instrumentos de pesquisa foram validados para língua portuguesa e incluíram variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e critérios para síndrome da fragilidade. Os idosos foram divididos em frágil, pré-frágil e não frágil. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: A prevalência da fragilidade foi de 56,7%. Os fatores associados foram: sexo feminino (70,6%); viúvos (69,2%); cor branca (58,8%); não trabalhar (69,2%); e tempo de diagnóstico de 25 a 48 meses (47,1%). Conclusão: Os fatores associados, tais como, sociodemográficos, econômicos e tempo de diagnóstico não interferiram na prevalência da síndrome da fragilidade em idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito da abstinência do fumo nas respostas cardiovasculares ao exercício físico progressivo submáximo em mulheres sedentárias fumantes. MÉTODOS: A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) e a freqüência cardíaca (FC) foram medidas de forma não invasiva em mulheres jovens não fumantes (MNF, n = 7) e fumantes (MF, n = 7), sem e com abstinência do fumo por 24 horas, em repouso, durante a realização do teste submáximo em bicicleta ergométrica e na recuperação. RESULTADOS: Em repouso, a PAD e a FC foram maiores nas MF (76 ± 1mmHg e 86 ± 5bpm) quando comparadas com as MNF (68 ± 2mmHg e 72 ± 2bpm). Após 24 horas sem o tabaco essas medidas foram normalizadas. Durante o exercício, a PAS e a FC aumentaram nos grupos estudados. A PAD foi maior nas MF (~15%) em relação às MNF em todos os estágios do exercício. Na situação de abstinência, a PAD aumentou somente no último estágio de exercício. Na recuperação tanto a PAD quanto a FC foram maiores nas MF, na situação basal e com abstinência de 24h, quando comparadas as MNF. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados demonstram que mulheres jovens fumantes apresentam prejuízo em parâmetros hemodinâmicos em repouso e em resposta ao exercício submáximo, os quais, podem ser em parte revertidos pela abstinência em curto prazo do uso do tabaco.

No abstract

Exercise-induced hemodynamic adjustment impairment in diabetic rats was associated with reduced cardiac vagal control. The vagal dysfunction was attenuated after aerobic exercise, reinforcing the positive role of this approach in the management of cardiovascular risk in diabetics.