Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, determinar a demanda energética e a qualidade do material picado de uma picadora de forragens estacionária, alimentada com motor diesel e elétrico, em função do estado de afiação das facas, tamanho de corte e da alimentação dela. Seguiu-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 repetições. Observou-se que a utilização da faca cega apresentou maiores valores de demanda de potência e de consumo específico e menores valores de capacidade de produção, além de apresentar qualidade de corte inferior ao corte realizado com a faca nova. Conclui-se que o motor elétrico foi o que apresentou maior capacidade de produção e menor consumo de energia e, além disso, demonstrou-se que o afiamento de faca pode atingir o melhor desempenho da picadora.Palavras-chave: Corte de forragem. Demanda energética. Demanda de potência. Picadora de forragem. Pennisetum purpureum Schum. DOI: 10.5935/1809DOI: 10.5935/ -2667 IntroduçãoAs picadoras de forragem são máquinas que executam o corte do material fibroso com auxílio da contra faca. É uma máquina estacionária de alimentação manual, que pode ser classificada, quanto à fonte de potência para seu acionamento, em motorizada ou tratorizada. Ferreira (2006) relata que as picadoras de forragens possuem como vantagens o baixo custo de aquisição, operação e manutenção, permitem sua utilização
This study aimed at quantitatively evaluating the sugarcane losses and the damage caused to the ratoon cane while using the Case IH A8800 harvester in different displacement speeds; it was conducted in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three speeds were used as treatment (2 km•h −1 , 3 km•h −1 , and 4.5 km•h −1 ), and each treatment was composed of six rows of harvested ratoon, each with a length of 290 m. In order to evaluate the quantitative losses in t•ha −1 and the percentage of losses, the remaining sugarcane, left on the field after harvesting, was collected. The sampling frame was set to every 50 m, dividing the borders by 40 m; the measurement for each sampling area was of 20 m 2 , with five repetitions. In order to evaluate the damage caused to the ratoon canes, we chose a visual methodology to classify the damage degrees, ranging from one to four. There was no significant difference in losses when comparing different speeds. Therefore, it is more advantageous and economically viable to use the speed of 4.5 km•h −1 , which collects more in less time.
Sugarcane is a major Brazilian agricultural product. The area cultivated in the state of Rio de Janeiro for the 2011-12 crop was of 41.31 thousand hectares. The process of mechanized harvesting of the crop still has many visible losses of raw materials caused by several factors. This study aimed at evaluating the visible losses of sugarcane and ratoon damage using the Case A4000 harvester and was conducted in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The materials left on the field by the harvester were collected in six ratoon cane rows, with a length of 350 m, setting the frame sampling to every 50 m. The sampling area consisted of 20 m 2 , with eight repetitions. The losses were calculated in t•ha −1 and in %. The comparison of averages was performed by using the confidence interval, constructed by statistical "t" at 5% probability to compare the types of losses. The estimated productivity of the area was of 54 t•ha −1. The differences between the types of losses were significant. The billets and splinters were found in greater quantity.
The use of computer programs in the agricultural sector could achieve specific objectives in area. Among these, one of most complex is the selection of farm machinery and implements for optimization of agricultural operations, primarily due to wide variety of equipment on market and range of tasks and work situations that they are subjected in the field. The aim of this study was to develop a computer program to determine preventive maintenance of agricultural tractors normally used in conducting field operations. Developed in PHP the software, made possible the execution of tasks that allow user to program add some periodic maintenance to database program, such as number of hours and its maintenance simplified form over the internet.
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