ABSTRACT. BRAZILlAN NEMATOOES. PART V: NEMATOOES OF MAMMALS. A survey of nematode species parasitizing Brazilian mammals is presented, with enough data to provide their specific identification. The tirst section refers to the survey ofthe species, related to 21 superfamilies, 45 families, 160 genera and 495 species that are illustrated and measurement tables are given. The second section is concerned to the catalogue ofhost mammals which includes 34 families, 176 species and their respective parasite nematodes. The identification ofthese helminths is achieved by means ofkeys to the superfamilies, families and genera. Specific determination is induced through the figures and tables as above mentioned.

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Classical schemes of the adult Schistosoma mansoni reproductive system have been described. In our study, whole adult worms derived from unisexual or mixed infections and stained with carmine chlorine were virtually and tomographically analyzed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. We found that: (1) there were morphological differences in the ovary, vitteline glands and testicular lobes between specimens derived from unisexual or mixed infections; (2) there was always a single lobed ovary (three or four lobes), presenting differentiation from the anterior to the posterior lobes, where the most mature oocytes were located; (3) the proximal segment of oviduct was connected to an ampullary dilatation, full of tailed spermatozoa, characterizing a seminal receptacle; (4) there was no long vitelline duct, but a short one that begins at the end of the proximal region of the vitelline gland; (5) long cells of Mehlis' gland placed radially around the ootype were not observed. Otherwise, the ootype was only lined by thick cuboidal epithelial cells with plaited bases and nuclei with flabby chromatin, making a clear distinction from the uterine epithelium. This morphological feature suggests that each cell represents a gland. (6) In coupled males, the specimens located inside the gynaecophoric canal had smaller testicular lobes, suckers, and body length and width when compared to their partners. Our results show that the reproductive system does not follow a unique pattern within flatworms. Due to its better resolution, confocal laser scanning microscopy, using a reflected mode with tomographic sections, allows new interpretations, modifying the adopted and current descriptions of the internal morphological structures of S. mansoni adult worms.

ABSTRACf. BRAZILlAN NEMATODES. PART 11I: NEMATODES OF REPTILES. A survey af ncmatode species parasizing Brazilian reptiles is presented, with data enough to provide lheir spccific idcntification. The first scclion rcfcrs to the catalogation af lhe species, related to 127 superfamilics, 23 families, S5 genera and 121 spedes lha! are figurcd and includcd in measurement tables. The second sc:clion is concemed to the catalogue af host reptiles, with 16 families, and 90 species and their respective parasite nematodes. The identification ofthese hclminths is achieved bymeans ofl.:eys to lhe superfamilies, families and genera. Specific determinalion is induced through lhe figures and tables as above mentioned.

Nematodes from opossums and rodents captured in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were studied. From the opossums Didelphis aurita Weid-Neuweid, 1826 and Philander opossum (Linnaeus, 1758) the following nematode species were recovered: Viannaia hamata Travassos, 1914, Aspidodera raillieti Travassos, 1913, Cruzia tentaculata (Rudolphi, 1819), Travassos, 1917, Turgida turgida (Rudolphi, 1819) Travassos, 1919, Gongylonemoides marsupialis (Vaz & Pereira, 1934) Freitas & Lent, 1937, Viannaia viannai Travassos, 1914, Spirura guianensis (Ortlepp, 1924) Chitwood, 1938 and from the rodents Akodon cursor (Winger, 1887), Nectomys squamipes (Brants, 1827), Oligoryzomys eliurus (Wagner, 1845) and Oryzomys intermedius (Leche, 1886): Hassalstrongylus epsilon (Travassos, 1937) Durette-Desset, 1971, Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802) Seurat, 1916, S. venteli Travassos, 1937, Physaloptera bispiculata Vaz & Pereira, 1935, Litomosoides carinii (Travassos, 1919) Vaz, 1934, Viannaia viannai, Hassalstrongylus epsilon, H. zeta (Travassos, 1937) Durette-Desset, 1971, Stilestrongylus aculeata (Travassos, 1918) Durette-Desset, 1971 S. eta (Travassos, 1937) Durette-Desset, 1971. Highest worm burdens and prevalences were those related to Cruzia tentaculata in marsupials. Stilestrongylus aculeata was referred for the first time in Akodon cursor

INTRODUÇÃOEm seqüência ao inventário dos nematóides parasitas que ocorrem no Brasil, iniciado por Vicente et al., em 1985, o presente trabalho relaciona·se às espéCies de nematóides parasitas de anfíbios.Neste trabalho, procuramos seguir a mesma orientação apresentada no anterior sobre nemat6ides de peixes.Para a organização dos diferentes nematóides aqui apresentados, seguimos basicamente a sistemática de Yamaguti (1961) com as modificações propostas por Hartwich (1974), Chabaud (1975Chabaud ( e 1978, Anderson e 8ain (1976Anderson e 8ain ( e 1982, Lichtenfels (1980), Moravec (1982) e Durette-Desset (1983).Para identificação das superfamílias, famílias e gêneros dos nemat6ides, damos chaves de determinação e principais características das famílias e gêneros aqui estudados. As chaves são em parte originais, e em parte ·adaptadas de outros autores.Para melhor auxiliar na identificação específica apresentamos quádros de medidas e fJgUras, além das referências bibliográficas relativas a cada espécie.No Foram conservados os nomes específicos dos anfíbios originalmente reportados, colocando-se entre parêntesis, quando pertinente, a designação atual, antecedida do sinal de igualdade. Sendo a sistemática atual dos anfíbios dependente muitas vezes de sua distribuição geográfica e devido ao fato de que a espécie hospedeira, referida em alguns trabalhos, não ocorre na área originalmente indicada como local de captura, havendo possibilidade de que outra possa ser considerada para a região mencionada, adotamos o crité-rio de colocar, também entre parêntesis, ap6s o nome da espécie ,citada originalmente, o nome da espécie válida ou da provável espécie do hospedeiro que ocorre na localidade. HISTÓRICOAs primeiras referências sobre nematóides parasitas desse grupo de vertebrados, encontrados em territ6rio brasileiro, são representadas por amostras coletadas por cientistas estrangeiros, principálmente por Natterer, na primeira metade do século XIX, e que foram estudadas por helmintologistas europeus.

Malnutrition hampers the course of schistosomiasis mansoni infection just as normal growth of adultKey words: Schistosoma mansoni -undernutrition -confocal scanning laser microscopy Schistosomiasis is a very widespread disease in the developing world and is one of the most important helminth infections. Malnutrition and schistosomiasis mansoni are both serious publichealth problems in Northeast Brazil and often overlap in the same geographical area (Coutinho et al. 1997a). Meanwhile, the role played by the nutritional status of the host on the development of schistosomiasis and vice versa is not clearly understood (Ferreira & Coutinho 1999

In order to evaluate the permissiveness of Nectomys squamipes to Schistosoma mansoni and the influence of the albino mice on the morphological aspects of adult worms derived from a population isolated from N. squamipes, the morphology of adult S. mansoni Sambon, 1907 male worms was studied using a digital image analyser (MOP VIDEOPLAN) and light microscopy. Their sources were as follows: (1) recovered from the wild rodent N. squamipes Brants naturally infected from Sumidouro, RJ, Brazil; (2) recovered from albino mice experimentally infected with the strain derived from N. squamipes; (3) recovered after the isolation of a strain derived from aboriginal human infections in Sumidouro. Worms recovered from N. squamipes (group 1) showed body length and distance between suckers significantly bigger than those of the specimens maintained in mice (groups 2 and 3). The number of testes in group 1 was statistically less than that of groups 2 and 3. Group 2 strains which were maintained in mice, presented the length of the worms as the only significant different character. Data show that: (1) N. squamipes is a more suitable host for the development of S. mansoni when compared to the albino mice; (2) a strain of S. mansoni isolated from a natural host undergoes morphological changes after its passage in the white mouse.