No abstract

ABSTRACT The use of postprandial triglyceride (ppTG) as a cardiovascular disease risk indicator has gained recent popularity. However, the influence of different foods or food ingredients on the ppTG response has not been comprehensively characterized. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of foods or food ingredients on the ppTG response. PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant acute (<24-h) randomized controlled trials published up to September 2018. Based on our selection criteria, 179 relevant trials (366 comparisons) were identified and systematically compiled into distinct food or food ingredient categories. A ppTG-lowering effect was noted for soluble fiber (Hedges' giAUC = −0.72; 95% CI: −1.33, −0.11), sodium bicarbonate mineral water (Hedges' gAUC = −0.42; 95% CI: −0.79, −0.04), diacylglycerol oil (Hedges' giAUC = −0.38; 95% CI: −0.75, −0.00), and whey protein when it was contrasted with other proteins. The fats group showed significant but opposite effects depending on the outcome measure used (Hedges' giAUC = −0.32; 95% CI: −0.61, −0.03; and Hedges' gAUC = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.26). Data for other important food groups (nuts, vegetables, and polyphenols) were also assessed but of limited availability. Assessing for oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) recommendation compliance, most trials were ≥4 h long but lacked a sufficiently high fat challenge. iAUC and AUC were more common measures of ppTG. Overall, our analyses indicate that the effects on ppTG by different food groups are diverse, largely influenced by the type of food or food ingredient within the same group. The type of ppTG measurement can also influence the response.

The central nervous system was classically perceived as anatomically and functionally independent from the other visceral organs. But in recent decades, compelling evidence has led the scientific community to place a greater emphasis on the role of gut microbes on the brain. Pathological observations and early gastrointestinal symptoms highlighted that gut dysbiosis likely precedes the onset of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The delicate balance in the number and functions of pathogenic microbes and alternative probiotic populations is critical in the modulation of systemic inflammation and neuronal health. However, there is limited success in restoring healthy microbial biodiversity in AD and PD patients with general probiotics interventions and fecal microbial therapies. Fortunately, the gut microflora is susceptible to long-term extrinsic influences such as lifestyle and dietary choices, providing opportunities for treatment through comparatively individual-specific control of human behavior. In this review, we examine the impact of restrictive diets on the gut microbiome populations associated with AD and PD. The overall evidence presented supports that gut dysbiosis is a plausible prelude to disease onset, and early dietary interventions are likely beneficial for the prevention and treatment of progressive neurodegenerative diseases.

Search string details (For EMBASE)('dietary fiber'/exp OR 'alimentary fiber':ti,ab OR 'diet fiber':ti,ab OR 'dietary fiber':ti,ab OR 'dietary fibre':ti,ab OR 'inulin'/de OR 'inuline':ti,ab OR 'pectin'/exp OR 'ispagula'/exp OR 'ispaghul':ti,ab OR 'ispaghula':ti,ab OR 'ispaghula husk':ti,ab OR 'ispagula':ti,ab OR 'isphagula':ti,ab OR 'plantago ovata extract':ti,ab OR 'plantago ovata seed ':ti,ab OR 'plantago seed':ti,ab OR 'plantago seed oil':ti,ab OR 'psyllium':ti,ab OR 'psyllium gum':ti,ab OR 'psyllium hemicellulose':ti,ab OR 'psyllium plantago':ti,ab OR 'psyllium seed':ti,ab OR 'psyllium seed gum':ti,ab OR 'psyllium seed husk':ti,ab OR 'cellulose'/de OR 'whole grain'/exp OR 'unrefined grain':ti,ab OR 'whole grain':ti,ab OR 'whole grains':ti,ab OR 'wholegrain':ti,ab OR 'wholegrains':ti,ab OR 'beta glucan'/exp OR 'beta glucan':ti,ab OR 'beta glucans':ti,ab OR 'beta-glucans':ti,ab OR 'non starch polysaccharide'/de OR 'fructose oligosaccharide'/exp OR 'fructo oligosaccharide' OR 'fructooligosaccharide' OR 'fructose oligosaccharide' OR 'oligofructose' OR 'galactose oligosaccharide'/exp OR 'galacto oligosaccharide':ti,ab OR 'galactooligosaccharide':ti,ab OR 'galactose oligomer':ti,ab OR 'galactose oligosaccharide':ti,ab OR 'oligogalactose':ti,ab OR 'resistant starch'/de OR 'arabinoxylan'/exp OR 'arabinoxylan':ti,ab OR 'xyloarabinan':ti,ab OR 'polydextrose'/de OR 'bran'/exp OR 'bran':ti,ab OR 'prebiotic agent'/exp OR 'prebiotic':ti,ab OR 'prebiotics':ti,ab OR 'lignin'/exp OR 'lignin':ti,ab OR 'lignine':ti,ab OR 'resistant oligosaccharide':ti,ab OR 'resistant dextrin':ti,ab OR 'resistant maltodextrin':ti,ab OR 'indigestible dextrin':ti,ab OR polyfructose:ti,ab OR 'soluble fibre':ti,ab OR 'soluble fiber'/de OR 'insoluble fiber'/de OR 'insoluble fibre':ti,ab) AND ('body composition'/exp OR 'body composition':ti,ab OR 'composition, body':ti,ab OR adiposity:ti,ab OR 'body fat'/exp OR 'body fat':ti,ab OR 'body lipid':ti,ab OR 'fat load':ti,ab OR 'fat, body':ti,ab OR cardiometabolic:ti,ab OR 'metabolic syndrome x'/exp OR 'insulin resistance syndrome':ti,ab OR 'metabolic syndrome':ti,ab OR 'metabolic syndrome x':ti,ab OR 'syndrome x, metabolic':ti,ab OR triglycerides:ti,ab OR 'high density lipoprotein cholesterol'/exp OR 'hdl cholesterol':ti,ab OR 'cholesterol, hdl':ti,ab OR 'high density lipoprotein cholesterol':ti,ab OR 'lipoproteins, hdl cholesterol':ti,ab OR 'blood pressure'/exp OR 'blood pressure':ti,ab OR 'blood tension':ti,ab OR 'pressure, blood':ti,ab OR 'glucose blood level'/exp OR 'blood glucose':ti,ab OR 'blood glucose level':ti,ab OR 'blood serum glucose':ti,ab OR 'blood sugar':ti,ab OR 'blood sugar level ':ti,ab OR 'glucosaemia':ti,ab OR 'glucose blood level':ti,ab OR 'glucose, blood':ti,ab OR 'glucose, plasma':ti,ab OR 'glucosemia':ti,ab OR 'glycaemia':ti,ab OR 'glycemia':ti,ab OR 'plasma glucose':ti,ab OR 'serum glucose':ti,ab OR 'serum sugar':ti,ab OR 'waist circumference'/exp OR 'waist circumference':ti,ab OR 'waist hip ratio'/exp OR 'waist hip ratio':ti,ab OR 'waist to hip ratio':ti,ab OR 'waist-hip ratio'...

Incorporating zeaxanthin-rich wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) into a healthy dietary pattern may augment its antioxidant potential. The present 16-week, parallel design randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the impact of adhering to a healthy dietary pattern, either with or without whole dried wolfberry (15 g/d) on oxidative stress status (plasma malondialdehyde and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α) in middle-aged and older adults. Changes to carotenoids status (plasma and skin carotenoids) and body composition were further evaluated to explore potential mechanisms which underlie the antioxidant properties of wolfberry. Plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, plasma zeaxanthin and skin carotenoids status were significantly raised in the wolfberry consuming group (n = 22; p < 0.05) compared to the control group which showed no changes (n = 18). Likewise in the wolfberry group only, inverse association was observed between the change values of plasma zeaxanthin and plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (−0.21 (−0.43, 0.00) ng/µmol, regression coefficient (95% CI); p = 0.05). Wolfberry consumption with a healthy dietary pattern may serve as a dietary strategy to attenuate lipid peroxidation among middle-aged and older adults who are at a heightened risk of oxidative stress induced age-related disorders. The antioxidant properties of wolfberry may be attributed to its rich zeaxanthin content.