The synthesis of novel Co doped Zn2GeO4 hollow micro-spheres and the enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries.
Purpose To characterize and compare children with correct diagnosis (CD) and misdiagnosis (MD) of tracheobronchial foreign body (TBFB). Methods A retrospective study was performed to review the medical records of children with CD group and MD group of TBFB. CD was defined when TBFB was identified during the first hospital visit. Otherwise, MD was considered. Demographic information, including gender, age, and clinical information, including clinical presentations and characteristics of foreign bodies, were retrieved. These characteristics were compared between two groups by Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon two-sample test, or Chi-square analysis or Fisher’s exact test, when appropriate. Results A total of 462 children with final diagnosis of TBFB were identified, with 276 children having CD and 186 children having MD. The most common location to identify the TBFB was right main bronchus in both CD and MD groups. Children with the previous history of respiratory tract foreign body were more likely to receive the CD. Children in MD group were more likely to have fever, as well as wheezing and crackles during physical examination. They were more likely to have pneumonia. Most common TBFB were peanuts. The majority of the TBFB were removed by the flexible bronchoscope coupled with forceps. Conclusion Careful history taking and physical examination, especially for those children with unclear causes for their pneumonia or asthma, or children with no improvement on the treatments, should be performed to rule out the possibility of TBFB. Bronchoscopy should be performed if necessary.
BackgroundStatin has been more and more widely used in chronic liver disease, however, existed studies have attained contradictory results. According to the present study, we aimed to test the efficacy and safety of statin via a meta-analysis.MethodsDifferent databases were searched for full-text publication based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. For data-pooling, fixed-effect model was applied if heterogeneity wasn’t detected. Otherwise, random-effect model was adopted. Heterogeneity was detected by I squire (I2) test. All results of analysis were illustrated as forest plots. Publication bias was assessed using the Begg’s adjusted rank correlation test. Standard mean difference (SMD) was calculated in continuous variables. Pooled hazard ratio or odds ratio was calculated in catergorical variables.ResultsSeventeen clinical studies were finally included. Hepatic portal hemodynamic parameters were improved in statin users for a short-term response. For a long-term follow-up, statin treatment surprisingly decreased mortality rate (HR = 0.782, 95% CI: 0.718–0.846, I2 > 50%) and lower the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64–0.86, I2 > 50%) in liver cirrhosis. Statin seemed not to decrease the risk of esophageal variceal bleeding and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. However, statin was proved to decrease the risk of hepatic encephalopathy and ascites. Incidence of drug related adverse events didn’t increase in statin users. Dose-dependent effects of statin on hepatocellular carcinoma development, decompensated cirrhosis events occurrence, and liver cirrhosis progression.ConclusionStatin influenced parameters of hepatic portal vessel pressure in short-term treatment. Prognosis of liver cirrhosis benefited from statin treatment in long term follow-up. The efficacy and safety of statin in liver cirrhosis treatment is confirmed. To date, similar study is hardly seen before.
Since early 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic crisis. 1 Countries and regions have established pandemic prevention policies, which have had major impacts on social, economic, medical and dental activities, as well as lifestyles. Countries have adopted social distancing policies with varying degrees of success. People are increasingly realizing that even after the pandemic dissipates, social distancing may continue long into the future. Important changes have also occurred in the provision and utilization of dental care and education, 2-4 with the emergence of COVID-19 disrupting, in particular, how medical education, including dental education, is structured and provided. 4-8 The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for alternative educational methods such as distance learning. 4-8 In traditional dental education, high-quality practical skills training is inseparable from iterative, face-to-face guidance and communication. 9 Today, dental education methods are increasingly diverse, with distance learning becoming an important supplement to on-site
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