BACKGROUNDOcular injuries are a major cause of worldwide visual impairment and the penetrating injury of eye is one of the major causes of uniocular and rarely binocular blindness. No matter how small such injuries are, never to be considered trivial and always to be treated as surgical emergencies. Aims and Objectives of the study-1. To study the incidence of penetrating injuries of the eye. 2. To study the percentage of occurrence of different types, their management and resultant visual outcome.
BACKGROUNDChemical injuries to the eye is one of the true ophthalmic emergencies. Alkali injuries are more common. Immediate and prolonged irrigation followed by aggressive early management and close monitoring is essential to promote ocular surface healing and provide the best opportunity for visual rehabilitation. The major pathophysiology during chemical ocular burns causes damage to the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, and the anterior segment of the eye. At these locations, the damage has the potential to cause permanent visual impairment based on the volume, pH, duration of exposure, and degree of penetration of the chemical offender. The severity of injury is related to the duration of exposure, degree of penetration of chemical and the time gap between exposure and presentation to the hospital. Acids usually causes superficial damage and opacification of cornea and those with alkalis tend to present with a damage to deeper ocular structures. First treatment can form the final deciding factor for visual outcome. Chemical ocular injuries encompass a wide spectrum. There is dearth of information in injuries caused by chemical agents in Kerala, and being a tertiary care centre, Calicut Medical College which was the major source of medical care for the people from low socioeconomic, our proper intervention is the need of hour.
BACKGROUNDNephrotic syndrome occurs when the filtering units of the kidneys-the glomeruli are damaged. The annual incidence of nephrotic syndrome ranges from 2-7 per 100,000 children. Oral corticosteroids form the cornerstone for management of most children with nephrotic syndrome. Long-term steroid therapy in childhood is associated with a number of significant adverse effectsmajor ophthalmic adverse effects include decreased vision, recurrent hordeolum, posterior subcapsular cataract, pseudotumour cerebri, visual hallucinations. This study aims to analyse the ocular findings in children with nephrotic syndrome, and their treatment related ocular abnormalities.
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