-The inherently limited processing power and battery lifetime of mobile phones hinder the possible execution of computationally intensive applications like content-based video analysis or 3D modeling. Offloading of computationally intensive application parts from the mobile platform into a remote cloud infrastructure or nearby idle computers addresses this problem. This paper presents our Mobile Augmentation Cloud Services (MACS) middleware which enables adaptive extension of Android application execution from a mobile client into the cloud. Applications are developed by using the standard Android development pattern. The middleware does the heavy lifting of adaptive application partitioning, resource monitoring and computation offloading. These elastic mobile applications can run as usual mobile application, but they can also use remote computing resources transparently. Two prototype applications using the MACS middleware demonstrate the benefits of the approach. The evaluation shows that applications, which involve costly computations, can benefit from offloading with around 95% energy savings and significant performance gains compared to local execution only.Keywords -Application Virtualization, Middleware, Pervasive computing, Software Design, Android IV. INTRODUCTIONESOURCE-DEMANDING multimedia applications such as 3D video games are being increasingly demanded on smart phones. Even if mobile hardware and mobile networks continue to evolve and to improve, mobile devices will always be resource-poor, less secure, with unstable connectivity, and with constrained energy. Resource poverty is major obstacle for many applications [14]. Therefore, computation on mobile devices will always involve a compromise. For example, onthe-fly editing of video clips on a mobile phone is prohibited by the energy and time consumption. Same performance and functionalities on mobile devices still cannot be obtained as on desktop PCs or even notebooks when dealing with high resource-demanding tasks.Recently, the combination of cloud computing [11], wireless communication infrastructure, ubiquitous computing devices, location-based services, and mobile Web, has laid the foundation for a novel computing model, called mobile cloud computing [9]. It provides to users an online access to unlimited computing power and storage space. The cloud abstracts the complexities of provisioning computation and storage infrastructure. The end user uses them as utility and in reality they can be far-away data center or nearby idle hardware.Offloading has gained big attention in mobile cloud computing research, because it has similar aims as the emerging cloud computing paradigm, i.e. to surmount mobile devices' shortcomings by augmenting their capabilities with external resources. Offloading or augmented execution refers to a technique used to overcome the limitations of mobile phones in terms of computation, memory and battery. Such applications, which can adaptively be split and parts offloaded [6,18], are called elastic mobile applica...

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With the advent of mobile smart phones, new types of virtual communities arrived, i.e. mobile communities. Mobile communities, with respect to their IT needs, introduce new requirements compared to traditional online web communities. On the other hand, cloud computing is emerging as computing concept that promises provision of computational resources on demand and abstraction of technical details from the clients. We propose Mobile Community Cloud Platform (MCCP) as a cloud computing system that can leverage the full potential of mobile community growth. An analysis of the core requirements of common mobile communities is provided before we present the design of our cloud computing architecture that supports building and evolving of mobile communities.

Abstract. Web applications have overcome traditional desktop applications especially in collaborative settings. However, the bulk of Web applications still follow the "single user on a single device" computing model. Therefore, we created the DireWolf framework for rich Web applications with distributed user interfaces (DUIs) over a federation of heterogeneous commodity devices supporting modern Web browsers such as laptops, smart phones and tablet computers. The DUIs are based on widget technology coupled with cross-platform inter-widget communication and seamless session mobility. Inter-widget communication technologies connect the widgets and enable real-time collaborative applications as well as runtime migration in our framework. We show that the DireWolf framework facilitates the use case of collaborative semantic video annotation. For a single user it provides more flexible control over different parts of an application by enabling the simultaneous use of smart phones, tablets and computers. The work presented opens the way for creating distributed Web applications which can access device specific functionalities such as multi-touch, text input, etc. in a federated and usable manner.

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Tagging is a prevalent practice in the Web 2.0. It has been widely used to annotate different media like video. However, in personal learning environments (PLEs), tagging is supporting not only content indexing but also the self-regulated learning process consisting of different phases like planning, learning, and reflecting. In particular, in the reflection phase, tags support the organization of learning outcomes. We have researched the interrelations of learning content, learning processes, and learning phases to provide a comprehensive overview about diverse tagging behavior in PLEs like using multi-granular tagging, semantic tagging, community-based tagging, and expert–amateur tagging. We have exemplified these behaviors by the design, realization, and evaluation of a PLE for classical Chinese poetry