Ritter reaction is an atom economy reaction which produces an amide through the reaction of a nitrile with an alcohol or alkene in the presence of an acid. A number of important advances have been achieved in recent years with respect to substrates, the variety of catalysts, the reaction media and the diversity of products. This paper reviews recent findings and assesses the Ritter reaction.

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A novel, efficient and atom economical one pot protocol for the synthesis of N-(β-nitro)amides has been described by combining the Henry reaction with the Ritter reaction.

Due to the toxicity and mobility of chromium, the disposal of chromium-containing waste is a pressing issue. Co-processing of chromium-containing waste in a cement kiln is currently one of the most effective methods. However, the presence of water-soluble hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in cement limits the use of this method. In this study, Na2CO3 was used to simulate alkali in industrial raw materials to investigate the pattern of influence of alkali content on water-soluble hexavalent chromium. The mechanisms associated with the oxidation and dissolution of chromium were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The proportion of Cr(VI) in the clinker detected by XPS increased rapidly with increasing alkali content. In the cement slurry system, alkali promotes more hexavalent chromium leaching by influencing pH and other ion concentrations (Ca2+, SO42−). Therefore, the addition of alkali to either the raw meal or to the cement slurry system will favour an increase in the water-soluble Cr(VI) content. This study may provide theoretical guidance for the preparation and use of clinkers containing chromium.