A new environmental friendly flame retardant manganese phytate (MnPa) was prepared by a direct precipitation method and the polyurethane foam (PUF) modified with MnPa was obtained by a one-step all-water foaming method. The thermal stability and combustion performance of the MnPa-modified PUF (MnPUF) were investigated by using thermogravimetric (TG), thermal decomposition kinetics, smoke density characterization, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 horizontal combustion test. The results indicated that the addition of MnPa significantly improved the thermal stability and combustion performance of the modified PUF. On the basis of the thermogravimetric analysis, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, Kissinger method and Coats Redfern method, it could be concluded that PUF with 7.5 wt% MnPa (MnPUF3) had the highest activation energy and the best thermal stability. Smoke density analysis, LOI and horizontal combustion analysis also showed that the addition of MnPa was positively correlated with smoke suppression, LOI value and burning time. The current research results can provide a reference for the subsequent flame retardant modification of PUF.

Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were synthesized with chicken feather protein using the “one-step method” of all-water foaming. Thermogravimetry, pyrolysis kinetics analysis, Cone calorimetry and smoke density (Ds) were used to investigate the effects of chicken feather protein on thermal stability and combustion performance of RPUFs. The results showed that the modified RPUFs with 2.5 wt% chicken feather protein (RPUF-CF1) had the lowest mass loss, the highest integrated program pyrolysis temperature, the highest activation energy, the lowest Ds (13.3), the highest light transmittance (79.3 %), the lowest heat release rate (22.0 kW/m2 and 30.6 kW/m2) and total heat release (2.4 MJ/m2 and 2.8 MJ/m2), which indicated that RPUF-CF1 had better thermal stability and combustion performance. The current research results provide a useful reference for the preparation of RPUFs with good thermal stability by bio-based modification.

Amino trimethylphosphonate cobalt (Co2+-ATMP) flame retardant was prepared by ion exchange method, and rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) modified by Co2+-ATMP and expandable graphite (EG) was prepared by one-pot and free-rise method. The flame retardancy, thermal stability and smoke toxicity of modified RPUF were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter (Cone), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and smoke toxicity characterization. The results showed that the flame retardancy, thermal stability and smoke toxicity of RPUF modified by Co2+-ATMP and EG are significantly improved. When the ratio of Co2+-ATMP to EG is 1:5, the LOI value is the highest, and the toxicity of flue gas was the lowest. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) were both the lowest, 138 kW/m2 and 15.9 MJ/m2, respectively. Compared with RPUF-0, it decreased by 39.2% and 16.8% respectively. The research results can provide reference for the subsequent flame retardant modification of RPUF.