Background:It has been reported that 20%–60% of all people injured in road traffic accidents (RTAs) tend to have some form of maxillofacial injury. Mangalore city, Karnataka State, India, traffic police has enforced the law to wear helmets to tackle the problem. The outcome of the initiative till date was not measured. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of maxillofacial injuries among the victims of motorized two-wheeler RTAs, following the passing of the helmet law.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted at the Accident and Emergency Department of K.S. Hegde Medical College and Hospital and at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The inclusion criteria were the patients who had two-wheeler accidents during the time period of 2016–2017 was collected. The data related to age, gender, helmet wearing, diagnosis, and type of orthopedic injuries was included. A descriptive statistics was calculated along with 95% confidence interval; correlation coefficient and odds ratio using STATA software.Results:A total of N = 347 individuals were included in the study. The mean age of the individuals was 33.7 (2–85) years, and the median age was 32 years. 81.55% (N = 283) were male and 18.44% (N = 64) were female. Among the individuals, 51.5% (N = 179) were not wearing helmets and 44.38% (N = 154) of them were males. A total of 25.07 (N = 87) individuals had orthopedic injuries and 16.42% (N = 57) individuals had orthopedic injuries who were not wearing helmets.Conclusion:Under the limitations of the study, we conclude that majority of the two-wheelers are not wearing helmets. This study has demonstrated that the impact of wearing helmet on occurrence of craniofacial and orthopedic injuries is less.
BACKGROUND The association between orofacial cleft and parental age is evident. This study focuses on paternal age playing a vital role in the birth of children with orofacial clefts. We wanted to assess the role of paternal age as a factor in the development of congenital anomalies in this study. METHODS A case control study was performed on 1000 cases and 250 controls in Mangalore. The parents were interviewed regarding their age at the time of conception. RESULTS 46.4 % of fathers of the cleft children belonged to 30 - 34 years of age group and 25 % belonged to 25 - 29 years of age group at the time of conception. In the control group, 38 % belonged to 30 - 34 years of age group and 24.8 % belonged to 25 - 29 years of age group. CONCLUSIONS Paternal age in the age group of 30 - 34 years has significant contribution in the birth of orofacial children with cleft deformities. KEY WORDS Orofacial cleft, Paternal Age, Congenital anomalies
Steel workers are exposed to a mixture of chemicals and chromium (IV) and (III), which is suspected to cause genetic damage. And to evaluate the MN assay along with the cellular diameter (CD) and nuclear diameter (ND) in the buccal epithelial cells of workers residing in Coimbatore District, South India, using cytomorphometric analysis. Methods: 40 samples from steel workers and 20 samples were exposed, 20 as standardized control group were examined for frequencies of micronucleus (MN) in buccal epithelial cells. PAP staining techniques were used to examine the nucleus and micronucleus. The frequency of micronuclei is more in smokers group when compared to alcohol consumers. Results: The genetic damage observed in the buccal cells of steel workers was significantly higher than in controls with cigarettes smoking in exposed group (12.28 ± 0.61) and alcohols in exposed group (12.61 ± 0.46) while compare to that of non-smoking and non-alcohols workers (6.94 ± 0.60 and 6.47 ± 0.44). Conclusions: Occupational exposure of chromium from steel workers has been associated with increased genetic damage in smoking and alcohol habits represent an additional risk factor. Exposure of chromium may be related to increased risk of cancer in steel workers.
BACKGROUND Lesions of a cystic nature have long been described in relation to the bones of the face. Over the course of the last four hundred years, such entities have been identified and studied in great detail; the evolution of systems of classification, the knowledge regarding the true nature of such phenomena, and the different ways of treating such maladies of the face have all undergone vast transformation since the 19th century. The introduction and development of anaesthetics, both general and regional, helped broaden the types of approaches to cysts of the orofacial region. Therapies of a conservative nature could be studied in greater detail with a larger population of patients, with the long term outcomes of such procedures yielding a significant amount of data, which in turn helped contrast such forms of management against more extensive and often radical procedures. Controversy has long surrounded the treatment of Dentigerous Cysts. Older techniques that had fallen out of favour amongst practicing surgeons returned decades later as serious contenders for becoming the treatment of choice for this particular pathology, the Partsch I technique being a prime example. The employment of the scientific method, conscientious effort towards ethics, and diligent recording of findings - whether prior to the surgical procedure or in the immediate and late post operative periods - all aided in the provision of a pool of knowledge that was made available to students and practitioners alike, providing clarity in the midst of opposing theories, guiding them in the selection of an appropriate treatment in response to cysts. Revolutions in medical imaging technology helped refine this process and will continue to serve the surgeon greatly in the pursuit of a treatment modality that is tailored to the needs of the patient and the demands of the lesion. Dentigerous cysts are anomalies that have been frequently encountered by practitioners, and the treatment for the same has long been discussed. The purpose of this paper was to review the existing evidence in relation to the management of Dentigerous Cysts, and to highlight in particular the efficacy of decompression amongst paediatric patients. We conducted a narrative review of literature using electronic databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar involving studies with data on the modes of management of Dentigerous Cysts. The list of included studies was reviewed to find more significant articles for relevant evidence. KEY WORDS Dentigerous Cyst, Enucleation, Marsupialization
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