Summary
Skin is a complex organ serving a critical role as a barrier and mediator of interactions between the human body and its environment. Recent studies have uncovered how resident microbial communities play a significant role in maintaining the normal healthy function of the skin and the immune system. In turn, numerous host‐associated and environmental factors influence these communities' composition and diversity across the cutaneous surface. In addition, specific compositional changes in skin microbiota have also been connected to the development of several chronic diseases. The current era of microbiome research is characterized by its reliance on large data sets of nucleotide sequences produced with high‐throughput sequencing of sample‐extracted DNA. These approaches have yielded new insights into many previously uncharacterized microbial communities. Application of standardized practices in the study of skin microbial communities could help us understand their complex structures, functional capacities, and health associations and increase the reproducibility of the research. Here, we overview the current research in human skin microbiomes and outline challenges specific to their study. Furthermore, we provide perspectives on recent advances in methods, analytical tools and applications of skin microbiomes in medicine and forensics.
Optic nerve sheath dilatation forming a cyst containing cerebrospinal fliud (CSF) is a rare condition. It is actually an enlargement and dilation of primarily the optic nerve sheath. There is an expansion of the cerebrospinal fliud space around the optic nerve with no associated inflammation, orbital or cerebral neoplasm at the apex of the orbit. It is a very rare condition and only few cases have been reported in the literature. We describe a case of optic nerve meningocele which was successfully managed surgically through intranasal route. A brief review of the existing literature is also presented.
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