CPP-ACP therapy minimum for 12 weeks is highly recommended as post-orthodontic treatment need in management of smooth surface white spot lesions on teeth undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy according to the present study.
Two electron systems confined by harmonic potential is known as harmonium. Such a system has been studied for many reasons in the literature. In this work we study harmonium under Debye potential. We use higher order finite difference method for the solution of Schrodinger equation. Complete energy spectrum of harmonium and harmonium under Debye potential is studied. Debye screening length shows considerable effect on the energy levels and the radial matrix elements. The results are analysed in the light of existing results and the comparison with available results shows remarkable agreement. KEYWORDSconfined harmonium, Debye potential, radial matrix element INTRODUCTIONThe study of confined atoms was initiated by Michels et al. [1] in 1937 in order to study the effect of high pressure on atomic hydrogen. Since then much of the work has been devoted to study confined atoms. Confined quantum systems have attracted many studies owing to their importance in the physics of quantum heterostructures, where, off late, many new structures are being proposed. [2][3][4][5][6][7] A few structures in various environments are studied using approximate potentials such as power series potentials and screened coulomb Debye potential. [8] The confinement and atoms under confinement have been studied in various interdisciplinary studies. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The study of such systems has gained importance because of technological importance of atoms, molecules, and ions in cavity and excitons in semiconductor heterostructures. [18,19] In addition, it is also a very well-known fact that the chemical reactivity of confined systems shows drastic change with change of confinement, hence it has led to many applications. Even atoms with high atomic numbers have been studied in different confinements. Jiao et al. [20] studied spectral and structural data of He atom under screened coulomb potential. Ghoshal and Ho [21] studied the ground state of two-electron system in generalized screened potential. Jiang et al. [22] studied this system under Lorentzian astrophysical plasma. Two interacting electrons with or without harmonic potential form a system that attracts a lot of interest. Two interacting electron system is a model system which is used to explore the physical aspects of many phenomena involving several electron systems. Two electrons confined in an infinite spherical well has been well studied theoretically. [23][24][25][26][27][28] Study of harmonium atom can be helpful in density functional theory and to study the optical properties of two-electron quantum dot. Even harmonium atom with more than two electrons [29][30][31][32] is also well studied in the literature due to its usefulness in solid state physics and quantum chemistry. Here, we study in detail the properties of harmonium in Debye environment. We solve this problem using eighth order finite difference method to describe the relative motion of the system. The effectiveness of our method is shown by comparing our results with those of available data for ...
Positronium is studied under the effect of spherically confined plasma environment. Exponentially Cosine Screened Coulomb potential (ECSC) has been used to include the dense plasma screening effect on positronium. Time independent Schrodinger equation is solved numerically. Various physical parameters such as energy eigenvalues, radial matrix elements, oscillator strengths, and polarizability are well explored as a function of confinement parameters. Oscillator strength gets drastically modified under confinement. We have also obtained the results for Ps confined under spherically confined Debye potential and compared with results of ECSC potential. Also incidental degeneracy for different values of confinement parameters has been reported for the first time for positronium.
Theoretic measures of information entropies like Shannon entropy and Fisher information are studied for multiple quantum well systems (MQWS). The effect of shape and number of wells in the MQWS is explored in detail. The shapes taken are: rectangular, parabolic and V-shape. Onicescu energy is an important tool to study the information content stored in the system, which is also found to depend on shape and number of wells of heterostructures. Statistical measure of complexity also shows noticeable dependence on these parameters.
Exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential (ECSCP) has been widely used in various branches of physics e.g., solid-state physics, nuclear physics and plasma physics. The atomic photoionization processes under plasma shielding can serve as an efficient tool for study of plasma properties in various environments ranging from nano-scale devices to astrophysical objects. In the present study, ECSCP has been used to characterize a dense quantum plasma and its effect on the spectrum of an atom encaged in a spherical box has been investigated. The work has further been extended to study the response of such a system to a periodic laser field. Photoexcitation and ionization probabilities of the system have been studied as a function of applied laser field parameters using the non-perturbative Floquet technique. As the Floquet method requires exact energy values and oscillator strengths, the spectrum of confined system has been calculated using Bernstein-polynomial method. The variation of energy spectrum and oscillator strengths with screening as well as confinement parameters has also been explored.
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