The present study aims to discover the social–economic impact of an unanticipated and involuntary loss of employment retrenchment of workers, evaluating the efficacy of the law in this regard and tries to assess as to how persons who have lost their employment owing to retrenchment cope with the situation. The results or consequences of job loss have been studied by a number of psychologists and social sciences researchers. Their findings have shown that retrenchment has traumatic effects on a person’s life and his or her family. Even the employees who manage to survive, the company, the organization and the whole society experience the ill-effects of retrenchment. The situation in case of retrenchment is impetuous and unalterable. Employees who experience involuntary retrenchment react more negatively to unemployment and are more likely to perceive retrenchment as a one-sided breach of psychological contract with the organization. Some authors have coined the phrase ‘chain of adversity’ to express the downward spiral of misfortune that some workers experience after retrenchment. The psychology literature describes the event (shock of job loss due to retrenchment) as ‘illness’ and the change in personal and career front it initiates as ‘recovery’ from the ‘illness’.
As an important area of computer graphics, realistic image synthesis provides principles and techniques for creating realistic imagery through computations based upon models of real-world objects and behaviors. Facial expression is one of the primary communication means of the human. The ultimate goal of realistic image synthesis is to achieve perfect realism -the synthesized images are visually indistinguishable from their real-world counterparts. This area has widespread applications in industry and scientific research including 3D design, omputer animation, scientific visualization and virtual reality Facial expression synthesis has many useful applications in practice. How to synthesize facial expression images robustly and simply is still a challenging problem. This paper surveys the state of the art in this area.
Learning outcomes The following are the learning objectives of the case study: to address the problem of urban food insecurity. To facilitate the generation of more employment opportunities and women empowerment through self-help groups (SHGs). To understand the transition from the founder to new leadership provided by Ms J Jayalalithaa. To understand consumer perception and preferences for “Amma canteens”. To appreciate how the case study has added to the historical role of soup kitchens. To address the challenges faced by the government on the sustainability and viability of “Amma canteens” post the death of its founder Ms Jayalalithaa. Case overview/synopsis “Amma Unavagam” is a food subsidisation programme operated by the State Government of Tamil Nadu in India. Under the scheme, municipal corporations of the state are required to run canteens that serve subsidised food. The canteens were first launched by the then Chief Minister of the state Ms Jayalalithaa, who was widely acknowledged as “Amma”. These low-cost canteens will be announced as part of government schemes aimed to support economically disadvantaged sections of society. The scheme had been able to generate employment for thousands of women. However, the success of the scheme lies in the low prices and the cooperative management of all the outlets by the SHGs. The SHGs have been able to run the canteens based on self-governing norms, mutual reciprocity and shared responsibilities. This case study evaluates the role of state-sponsored mechanisms to ensure food security, alleviate food inflation and empower more women in the workforce. Yet, several concerns continue to remain unaddressed. Considering the huge amount of subsidy provided by the state government, the sustainability and economic viability of the scheme are uncertain. Complexity academic level This case study can be used for management students studying the basics of management such as teamwork, motivation, leadership and good governance. They may also study government policies and community intervention programmes for the benefit of society. The present case study will help the students to analyse the concept of women empowerment and social inclusion. The students, before discussing the case, may study and read the socio-economic theory of “community engagement and participation”, the “self-help model” and the related “theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour”. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human resource management.
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