Rhinosporidiosis is rare infective chronic granulomatous lesion cause by Rhinosporidium seeberi which occurs universally although endemic in South Asia, notably in Southern India and in Srilanka. The causative agent Rhinosporidium seeberi is intractable to isolation and microbiological culture and shows features of both fungi and protozoa. The great majority of cases occur in upper respiratory sites, notably the anterior nares, nasal cavity-the inferior turbinate's, septum and floor. It is a chronic disease, with frequent recurrence after surgery and occasional dissemination from initial focus .Rhinosporidial lesions in the nasal passages are Polypoidal, granular, red in colour due to pronounced vascularity, with a surface containing yellowish pin head sized spots which represents underlying mature sporangio. The organism is difficult to culture and diagnosis is based on microscopy and histological examination of the lesion. The mainstay of treatment is meticulous complete and wide surgical excision, followed by electro-cautery of the base may ablate recurrence resulting from the spillage of endospore on the adjacent mucosa and recently use of laser is also indicated. We present a thrice operated recurrent case of extensive Rhinosporidiosis involving left nose & nasopharynx where the disease was removed using bipolar cautery, microdebrider and laser assisted.

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Introduction: Squamous carcinoma is the commonest malignancy of the head and neck region. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates downstream signaling pathways through its tyrosine kinase (TK) domains that play a role in cell proliferation and survival. EGFR mutations have been found to occur between exons 18 to 21 on chromosome 7. Limited studies are available on EGFR-TK mutations in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) globally. This study explores EGFR mutations in 30 HNSCC cases presenting to a tertiary care hospital over a period of two years. Material and Methods: Fresh tumor tissue was collected from the resection specimens of cases of primary HNSCC. Cases with pre-operative therapy were not included. Parameters in the form of patients' age, gender, smoking/tobacco intake, site of the lesion were recorded. Tumor parameters after histopathological examination were recorded in the form of TNM stage, tumor grade. DNA was extracted from fresh tissue of all the cases. EGFR Mutation Analysis Kit assay was used to detect mutations of the EGFR gene. PCR was run and results were analyzed. Results: EGFR Mutations were found in 6.7%of the patients. There was no significant association of the EGFR Mutation with the studied parameters. Conclusion: EGFR mutations are present in a subset of patients of HNSCC. Patients having these mutations may benefit from targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IMT) is a rare pathologic entity that was first described in 1973. This lesion is most commonly found in the lungs, but other organs' involvement has also been reported. Intracranial location of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor is rare, and the first case was reported in 1980. An intriguing fact about the intracranial IMT is its resemblance with meningioma on clinical presentation and neuroimaging. We came across a case of intracranial Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IIMT) in a 27-year-old male who presented with recurrent episodes of seizures and was diagnosed as meningioma on neuroimaging. The lesion did not subside with medical management and kept on progressing in size. The patient had to undergo surgery, and diagnosis of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor was ascertained on histopathology. This 'surprise' diagnosis prompted us to review the literature on all cases of IIMTs reported to date to better understand the entity and its implications. In this review article, we present our observations regarding various studied parameters, including patient profile, clinical presentation, site of involvement, focality of the lesion, special associations, and lines of management of the 49 published cases of IIMTs.

Vagal Nerve schwannoma are rare nerve sheath tumours. Generally benign, schwannomas grow at the rate of 2.5-3 mm per year. 1 They are seen in patients in 3 rd to 5 th decade of life. No sex predilection has been noted. 2 Presentation if often as painless, slow growing lateral neck mass. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision with preservation of neural pathway when possible. 3,6 Citation: Singh I, Sharma SA, Manu V, et al. Cervical vagal schwannoma mimicking tonsillar mass.