Transverse abdominis plane (TAP) blocks, over the past decade, have emerged as a reliable tool in multimodal analgesia. Although they block only the somatic component of pain, studies have still revealed a consistent benefit in the first 24–48 hours after surgery in terms of pain scores and overall opioid consumption. The safety and dependability has increased with ultrasound usage. The aim of this review is to help the reader appreciate the applied anatomy required for a TAP block and its congeners, to standardize its nomenclature, and to help choose between variants of a TAP block and its complications and safety profile.
Objectives:To describe central venous catheter (CVC) colonizations and catheter-related bloodstream infections (C-RBSIs) among patients admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Materials and methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted among critically ill patients admitted in ICU. The semi-quantitative method was used for catheter tip culture. The definitions of catheter infection and colonization were based on the Centre for Disease Control Blood Stream Infection Guidelines.
Results:The study population comprised 75 ICU patients whose CVCs had been placed. The incidence of CVC-related colonizations and bloodstream infections was observed to be 42.7% (32/75) and 17.3% (13/75) respectively. Coagulase-negative staph was the most common organism found causing CVC colonization (50%) and C-RBSI (61.5%).
Conclusion:Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most frequent microorganisms which colonize the CVC. The findings of this study may help with implementation of educational and training programs on central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) for health care personnel and enable better management of these devices with regard to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CLABSIs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.