This paper investigates whether a fi rm's environmental orientation infl uences corporate brand value. In the discussion on sustainable development, corporate participation is a given, and increasingly fi rms are adopting environmental policies and practices. This paper observes corporate environmentalism from two perspectives: environmental embeddedness -the level to which environmental values are incorporated in brand identity; and environmental performance -the level of a fi rm's accordance with environmental policies and good practices. Cross-analysis of these two perspectives generates four types of corporate environmental orientation: leaders, performers, advocates and laggards. The results do not provide conclusive evidence for whether consumers reward environmental leaders and punish environmental laggards by converting their environmental opinions into brand perceptions and purchasing decisions. It is believed that the hypothesized relationships are moderated and mediated by other stimuli, so managers are advised not to negate corporate social responsibility, but rather to invest wisely in environmental activities and its communication.
IntroductIon 1 rama Mohana r. turaga and Kalyan Bhaskar E lectronic waste (e-waste), that is, waste arising from end-of-life electronic products such as computers and mobile phones, is one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world today. Annual global production of e-waste is estimated to surpass 50 million tons in 2020. 2 India is among the top five e-waste producing countries in the world with estimated annual production of 2 million tons. Like some of the other developing countries, e-waste management in India is dominated by the informal sector with estimates of more than 90 per cent of the waste being processed in this sector. E-waste contains several precious metals, rare earth metals, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, plastic, wood and glass. Unscientific practices in the processing of e-waste are associated with several environmental and health externalities. 3 In response to these concerns, many developed and devel-1 The earlier versions of the articles in this colloquium (except for the article by Hitesh Sharma) were written for the report 'E-waste Roadmap 2023 for India', an initiative under the India E-waste Program of the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The programme was supported by the Government of Japan and the Korea Green Growth Trust Fund of the World Bank. We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Neeta Misra, Sarina Bolla and Kalyan Bhaskar, the editors of the 'E-waste Roadmap 2023 for India' report, who worked with a team of experts on e-waste in India and were responsible for the editing of the initial versions of many of the articles in the colloquium.
Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) pervades modern lifestyles, but its quick obsolescence is resulting in huge quantities of EEE to be disposed of. This fast-growing waste stream has been recognized for its hazard potential. The European Union's (EU) Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive was essentially in response to the toxicity of e-waste - to ensure that it was collected and treated in an environmentally sound manner. Since then, the WEEE Directive has expanded its aims to include recovery of valuable resources as a means to reduce raw material extraction. With these objectives in mind, the Directive sets a common minimum legislative framework for all EU member states. However, the transposition of the Directive into national legislations has meant many differences in actual implementation models. There are 27 national transpositions of the Directive with different definitions, provisions and agreements. Each legislation reflects national situations, whether they are geographical considerations, legislative history, the influence of lobby groups and other national priorities. Although this diversity in legislations has meant massive problems in compliance and enforcement, it provides an opportunity to get an insight into the possible operational models of e-waste legislation. Building on the study by the United Nations University commissioned by the European Commission as part of its 2008 Review of the WEEE Directive, the paper identifies some key features of the Directive as well as legislative and operational differences in transposition and implementation in the various members states. The paper discusses the successes and challenges of the Directive and concludes with lessons learnt from the European experience.
The paper explores consumer disposal behaviour, especially in the context of durable electronic products. The purpose of the research is to understand why, how and when consumers dispose of their durable products. The research aims to provide policy makers, waste managers and product marketers new insights on consumer disposal behaviour that will help improve policy, encourage better resource management and incentivise product designs that maximise environmental and social benefits. Keywords:Replacement Obsolescence Disposal Behaviour We apply knowledge from the extensive literature on diffusion modelling to develop and test our hypothesis regardi ng triggers and influencers of obsolescence and disposal of durable products. Our results show that failure is often not the reason that products are disposed, and consumers take disposal decisions based on perceived obsolescence of the product which in turn is driven by psychographic variables, the technology landscape as well as product market characteristics.
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