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Since the phenomenon of cloud computing was proposed, there is an unceasing interest for research across the globe. Cloud computing has been seen as unitary of the technology that poses the next-generation computing revolution and rapidly becomes the hottest topic in the field of IT. This fast move towards Cloud computing has fuelled concerns on a fundamental point for the success of information systems, communication, virtualization, data availability and integrity, public auditing, scientific application, and information security. Therefore, cloud computing research has attracted tremendous interest in recent years. In this paper, we aim to precise the current open challenges and issues of Cloud computing. We have discussed the paper in three-fold: first we discuss the cloud computing architecture and the numerous services it offered. Secondly we highlight several security issues in cloud computing based on its service layer. Then we identify several open challenges from the Cloud computing adoption perspective and its future implications. Finally, we highlight the available platforms in the current era for cloud research and development.

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Fog computing is a recent research trend to bring cloud computing services to network edges. Edge datacenters (EDCs) are deployed to decrease the latency and networks congestion by processing data streams and user requests in near real-time. The EDCs deployment is distributed in nature and positioned between cloud datacenter and data sources. Load balancing is the process of redistributing the work load among EDCs to improve both resource utilization and job response time. Load balancing also avoids a situation where some EDCs are heavily loaded while others in idle state or doing small data processing. In such scenarios, load balancing between the EDCs plays a vital role for user response and real-time event detection. As the EDCs are deployed in the unattended environment, secure authentication of EDCs is an important issue to address before performing load balancing. This paper proposes a novel load balancing technique to authenticate the EDCs and find out less loaded EDC for task allocation. The proposed load balancing technique is more efficient than other existing approaches in finding less loaded EDC for task allocation. The proposed approach not only improves efficiency of load balancing, it also strengthens the security by authenticating the destination EDCs.

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Authentication and revocation of users inVehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETS) are two vital security aspects. It is extremely important to perform these actions promptly and efficiently. The past works addressing these issues lack in mitigating the reliance on the centralized trusted authority and therefore do not provide distributed and decentralized security. This paper proposes a blockchain based authentication and revocation framework for vehicular networks, which not only reduces the computation and communication overhead by mitigating dependency on a trusted authority for identity verification, but also speedily updates the status of revocated vehicles in the shared blockchain ledger. In the proposed framework, vehicles obtain their Pseudo IDs from the Certificate Authority (CA), which are stored along with their certificate in the immutable authentication blockchain and the pointer corresponding to the entry in blockchain, enables the Road Side Units (RSUs) to verify the identity of a vehicle on road. The efficiency and performance of the framework has been validated using the Omnet++ simulation environment.