Justification: During the current rapidly evolving pandemic of COVID-19 infection, pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and their newborn infants form a special vulnerable group that needs immediate attention. Unlike other elective medical and surgical problems for which care can be deferred during the pandemic, pregnancies and childbirths continue. Perinatal period poses unique challenges and care of the mother-baby dyads requires special resources for prevention of transmission, diagnosis of infection and providing clinical care during labor, resuscitation and postnatal period. Process: The GRADE approach recommended by the World Health Organization was used to develop the guideline. A Guideline Development Group (GDG) comprising of obstetricians, neonatologists and pediatricians was constituted. The GDG drafted a list of questions which are likely to be faced by clinicians involved in obstetric and neonatal care. An e-survey was carried out amongst a wider group of clinicians to invite more questions and prioritize. Literature search was carried out in PubMed and websites of relevant international and national professional organizations. Existing guidelines, systematic reviews, clinical trials, narrative reviews and other descriptive reports were reviewed. For the practice questions, the evidence was extracted into evidence profiles. The context, resources required, values and preferences were considered for developing the recommendations. Objectives: To provide recommendations for prevention of transmission, diagnosis of infection and providing clinical care during labor, resuscitation and postnatal period. Recommendations: A set of twenty recommendations are provided under the following broad headings: 1) pregnant women with travel history, clinical suspicion or confirmed COVID-19 infection; 2) neonatal care; 3) prevention and infection control; 4) diagnosis; 5) general questions.

There is no consensus regarding how the growth of preterm infants should be monitored or what constitutes their ideal pattern of growth, especially after term-corrected age. The concept that the growth of preterm infants should match that of healthy fetuses is not substantiated by data and, in practice, is seldom attained, particularly for very preterm infants. Hence, by hospital discharge, many preterm infants are classified as postnatal growth-restricted. In a recent systematic review, 61 longitudinal reference charts were identified, most with considerable limitations in the quality of gestational age estimation, anthropometric measures, feeding regimens, and how morbidities were described. We suggest that the correct comparator for assessing the growth of preterm infants, especially those who are moderately or late preterm, is a cohort of preterm newborns (not fetuses or term infants) with an uncomplicated intrauterine life and low neonatal and infant morbidity. Such growth monitoring should be comprehensive, as recommended for term infants, and should include assessments of postnatal length, head circumference, weight/length ratio, and, if possible, fat and fat-free mass. Preterm postnatal growth standards meeting these criteria are now available and may be used to assess preterm infants until 64 weeks' postmenstrual age (6 months' corrected age), the time at which they overlap, without the need for any adjustment, with the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards for term newborns. Despite remaining nutritional gaps, 90% of preterm newborns (ie, moderate to late preterm infants) can be monitored by using the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century Preterm Postnatal Growth Standards from birth until life at home.

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LED and CFT phototherapy units were equally efficacious in the management of non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term and late preterm neonates.

It is feasible to use AKIN staging for evaluating AKI in neonates with birth asphyxia.

Light-emitting diode phototherapy for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates (Review)

Objective: To compare gain in knowledge and skills of neonatal resuscitation using tele-education instruction vs conventional classroom teaching.Study Design: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the tele-education facility of a tertiary care center. In-service staff nurses were randomized to receive training by tele-education instruction (TI, n ¼ 26) or classroom teaching (CT, n ¼ 22) method from two neonatology instructors using a standardized teaching module on neonatal resuscitation. Gain in knowledge and skill scores of neonatal resuscitation were measured using objective assessment methods.Result: Age, educational qualification and professional experience of the participants in two groups were comparable. Pre-training mean knowledge scores were higher in TI group (8.3±1.7 vs 6.6±1.4, P ¼ 0.004). However, skill scores were comparable in the two groups (11.7±3 vs 10.3±2.9, P ¼ 0.13). Training resulted in a significant and comparable gain in knowledge scores (4.2 ± 2.2 vs 5.3 ± 1.7; P ¼ 0.06) and skills scores (4.5±3.3 vs 5.0±3.1, P ¼ 0.62) in both the groups. The post-training knowledge scores (TI: 12.5 ± 1.7 vs CT: 12.0 ± 1.7, P ¼ 0.37) and the post-training skill scores (TI: 16.0±0.5 vs CT: 15.6 ± 2.5, P ¼ 0.55) were comparable in the two groups. However, the post-training scores, adjusted for baseline knowledge scores, were statistically higher in the in-person group compared with the telemedicine group (knowledge: 12.46 ± 0.03 vs 12.16 ± 0.01, P ¼ 0.00; skills: 15.6±2.5 vs 16.0±2.8, P ¼ 0.00). The quantum of lower scores in the telemedicine group was only 2% for knowledge and 6% for skills. This difference was felt to be of only marginal importance. Satisfaction scores among trainees and instructors were comparable in the two groups. Conclusion:Tele-education offers a feasible and effective alternative to conventional training in neonatal resuscitation among health-care providers.

Background Interstitial and cornual ectopic pregnancy is rare, accounting for 2-4% of ectopic pregnancies and remains the most difficult type of ectopic pregnancy to diagnose due to low sensitivity and specificity of symptoms and imaging. The classic triad of ectopic pregnancy-abdominal pain, amenorrhea and vaginal bleeding-occurs in less than 40% of patients. The site of implantation in the intrauterine portion of fallopian tube and invasion through the uterine wall make this pregnancy difficult to differentiate from an intrauterine pregnancy on ultrasound. The high mortality in this type of pregnancy is partially due to delay in diagnosis as well as the speed of hemorrhage. Methods Three cases of interstitial pregnancy were retrospectively analyzed. Result Successful laparoscopic cornuostomy and removal of products of conception were performed in two cases, while one case was successfully managed by local injection with KCL and methotrexate followed by systemic methotrexate. Conclusion Early diagnosis and timely management are key to the management of interstitial and cornual ectopic pregnancy. With expertise in ultrasound imaging and advances in laparoscopic skills progressively, conservative