Seminal vesicles (SV) are accessory sex organs of male genitourinary (GU) tract, which play a crucial role in male fertility. Primary seminal vesicle abscess (SVA) is a rare pathologic entity with no specific symptoms with very few reported cases in literature, posing a great diagnostic difficulty to the clinicians. Common pathologies of seminal vesicle include cyst, congenital abnormalities and seminal vesicle infection, and abscess, secondary to obstruction and infection of the neighboring organs have been frequently addressed. Cross-sectional imaging advancement has expanded not only our knowledge of GU tract abnormalities but also our treatment approaches. Seminal vesicle abscess is a rare pathological condition and diagnosis is based on clinical and radiological findings. Conservative treatment could be effective in selected cases. In cases refractory to conservative management, surgical decompression can be an option. Transrectal ultrasonography-guided mini-invasive drainage modalities can be proposed successfully.

Foreign bodies in the bladder and ensuing calculus formation around it is an unusual cause for intravesical stone formation. Iatrogenic cause due to intrauterine device (popular and safe method of contraception due to its high efficacy, low risk and low-cost) migration to adjacent organs is a rare one with only a few reports in the medical literature. Treatment of foreign bodies is determined by their size, location, shape, and mobility. In most cases, minimally invasive procedures such as endoscopic removal are recommended. We report a case of a 39 year old female who presented with chronic urinary symptoms USG, X-ray and CT scan showed the presence of IUCD with calculus. Cystoscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis and allowed removal of the intrauterine contraceptive device and calculus.

INTRODUCTION Bladder exstrophy is a complex, rare disorder that affects the foetus in utero. Here the abdominal wall is not fully formed, leaving the pubic bones separated and the bladder exposed in the lower abdominal wall. METHODOLOGY Single-stage reconstructive and repair surgery was undertaken in adults diagnosed with bladder exstrophy epispadias complex. The superficial external pudendal artery flap was considered for covering the defect after extensive reviews and discussion. CONCLUSION An uneventful surgery with recovery and a two-year follow-up post-surgery did not account for any complications following the procedure. This shows that the superficial external pudendal artery flap can be considered a favourable option for urologists in the repair of bladder exstrophy epispadias complex when undertaken in a single sitting surgery, especially in adults. MeSH Terms Bladder Exstrophy, epispadias repair, superficial external pudendal artery, axial-pattern flap.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the current treatment of choice in bile duct stones. Several factors such as variant anatomy of ampulla and surgical procedures like hepaticojejunostomy limit the success of ERCP in treating bile duct stones. Percutaneous transhepatic laser lithotripsy using interventional radiologic and endourologic techniques, which is uncommon, is a reasonable treatment option in such difficult cases. It is a minimally invasive, safe procedure accompanied by a high success rate, minimal morbidity, and a short hospital stay. We report our technique and experience in a series of three patients who underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) followed by percutaneous transhepatic laser lithotripsy in an attempt to avoid open surgery when ERCP was technically difficult.

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