Substance use disorders refers to the abuse of alcohol, illicit drugs, or substances such as over-thecounter medicines, medicines from unsupervised ordinary retail purchase, or even through prescription. It causes significant health problems and functional impairments such as disability and failure to meet responsibilities at work, school, or home. Common substance use disorders are use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis (marijuana), stimulants, hallucinogens, sedatives, hypnotics, opioids, etc. Objective: To assess prevalence of substance use disorders and effectiveness of educational package on spreading knowledge about substance use disorders among adolescents in selected schools in Lekhnath, Nepal. Methodology: Pre experimental one group pretest and posttest design was used for the study. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was adopted for sampling. For the study, total of 155 adolescents studying in classes 9 and 10 were selected from schools in Lekhnath, Nepal. Self administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data obtained were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using statistical tool SPSS 16.0.  Result: Among 155 adolescents, 97.40% had heard of substance use disorders. 62.24% of people received the information about substance use disorders via mass media. Family members of 16.8% of samples were engaged in some kind of substance use disorders. 1.90% of sample students drank alcohol, who all happened to be male of age 15-16 years age group. In pretest, more than half (69.70%) of the adolescents had inadequate knowledge about substance use disorders. On the other hand, in the posttest, more than one third of adolescents (37.4%) had adequate knowledge and less than twothird adolescents (58.1%) had moderate knowledge on substance use disorders. The paired ‘t’ test was found to be significant on knowledge level (t=23.76 at 1% level).Only caste/ethnicity of demographical variable was found to be associated with pretest knowledge regarding substance use disorders (F= 3.495 at 5% level, p=0.033). Conclusion: The study concluded that adolescents are in great risk for substance use disorders. After educating on substance use disorders, adolescents gained adequate knowledge regarding the disorder. Study supports that educational package was effective in improving the level of knowledge regarding substance use disorders among adolescents

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most recent disease of corona virus family that impacted people all over the world. Subsequent lockdown and fear of disease transmission greatly affected the orthodontic appointments, treatments, as well as mental health. Objectives: To assess the mental stress among patients undergoing orthodontic patients during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment in the department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics in Dental Hospital of Kathmandu Medical College from 2020 December to 2021 February after institutional ethical approval. Data were collected from 108 participants by convenience sampling technique using questionnaire. Exclusion criteria included patients who answered <75% questions and those who did not sign the informed consent form. Data were analysed for descriptive statistics in SPSS v.22. Results: Among all 108 patients, nine (8.3%) were very much worried that COVID-19 outbreak might cause teeth not to move as expected and 40 (37.1%) participants were very much depressed. Regarding perception of individuals concerning COVID-19 pandemic, 44 (40.7%) participants thought they had adequate knowledge about COVID-19. Almost half (48, 44.4%) patients in this study felt very much nervous that nothing could calm them. When participants were asked what were their main concerns for COVID-19 outbreak, more than half (60, 55.6%) responded risk of infection and 71 (65.7%) reported the impact on their work or study as their main concerns. Conclusion: As Orthodontists we must be aware of similar threats in future and take measures to improve the accessibility to dental practice.

Herpes zoster infection, commonly known as Shingles, is caused by reactivation of the Varicella-Zoster virus which may have remained latent in the dorsal root ganglia. HZI is characterized by prodromal symptoms of unilateral deep aching, burning pain followed by a maculopapular rash, vesicular eruptions, ulcers, and scab formations over the affected nerve distribution. The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve is more commonly involved in HZI than maxillary and mandibular branches; in particular, the maxillary involvement is rare. This is a case report of HZI in a 65-years-old male patient involving the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt use of antivirals in managing orofacial HZI in dental practice.

Background: Hepatitis B is a serious public health problem and dental healthcare workers (HCW) are at a greater risk of acquiring the infection. The main aim of this study was to as­sess the knowledge, attitude, and hepatitis B vaccination status of dental HCW at a tertiary dental hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among all dental HCW and their knowledge lev­el, attitude, and vaccine uptake were measured. Factors associated with the receipt of full hepatitis B vaccination was assessed using Pearson’s chi-square test. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. Results: Out of the total 254 dental HCW, 207 responded to the survey signifying a response rate of 81.5%. The mean age of the participants was 25.6±5.4 years. A majority of the participants were female (156; 75.4%), unmarried (169; 81.6%), and dental students (117; 56.5%). Most participants had a fair knowledge (117; 56.5%) and a positive attitude regarding Hepatitis B virus (189; 91.3%). However, the uptake of full dose of hepatitis B vaccine was only 41.5%. Dental HCW’s age, marital status, educational attainment, and type of dental HCW were associated with receipt of full vac­cination (all p-value <0.05). Conclusions: Despite fair knowledge and positive attitude, the uptake of full vaccination was low among the dental HCW. Further strategies are needed to improve the hepatitis B vaccine uptake. Specifically, increasing the access