Background: Frequency of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events increase even in early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study was aimed to understand the cardiovascular profile of patients with CKD.Methods: This observational study was conducted on patients who were admitted with chronic kidney disease in Sri Venkateswara Rama Narayan RUIA Government General Hospital, Tirupati. Patients were classified according to their severity of CKD. All patients had an electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. Results of various biochemical investigations, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram were compared between patients with mild, moderate and severe CKD.Results: Combined diabetes mellitus and hypertension was found to be the most common case of CKD in Authors patient population (43%), followed by diabetes mellitus alone (37%). Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were found to be significantly higher and creatinine clearance and haemoglobin were significantly lower among patients with severe CKD. Electrocardiography revealed 50% had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), 30% had tall ‘T’ waves and 15 % had ST-segment changes. Mean inter-ventricular septal end diastole thickness and mean left ventricular mass was found to be significantly in patients with severe CKD as compared to mild CKD.Conclusions: Extensive cardiovascular evaluation of patients with CKD is warranted even if the classical symptoms are not absent and early cardiovascular rehabilitation should be instituted in such patients.
Background: Clonidine is a partial α2 adrenoreceptor agonist which has been shown to interact synergistically with local anesthetics. The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of 75 mcg of clonidine added to 3 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine, with respect to duration of sensory block and motor block, hemodynamic parameters, and associated side effects. Subjects and Methods: Patients scheduled to undergo infraumbilical surgery during the study period were randomly allocated to receive either 3 ml 0.5% bupivacaine and 0.5 ml 0.9% normal saline or 3 ml 0.5% bupivacaine and 0.5 ml 75 mcg injection clonidine. Various intraoperative parameters were noted and compared between the control and clonidine group. Results: Baseline characteristics of the patients were similar in both the study groups. Onset of motor block was significantly shorter in the clonidine group (378.55 ± 23.92 seconds vs 350.26 ± 21.22 seconds; p value < 0.001), duration of motor block and time for two segment regression was significantly higher in the clonidine group (158 ± 8.2 minutes vs 186.14 ± 9.15 minutes; p value < 0.001 and 78.97 ± 7.18 minutes vs 102.70 ± 5.61 minutes; p value <0.001 respectively). The hemodynamic parameters and side effect profile was found to be similar among patients in both the study groups. Conclusion: 75 mcg clonidine used as an adjunct with 3 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries provides better sensory and motor blockade.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.